Vulnerabilities > CVE-2013-2248 - Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Struts

047910
CVSS 5.8 - MEDIUM
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
MEDIUM
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
PARTIAL
Integrity impact
PARTIAL
Availability impact
NONE
network
apache
CWE-20
nessus
exploit available
NVD
Published: 2013-07-20
Updated: 2016-12-31

Summary

Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in a parameter using the (1) redirect: or (2) redirectAction: prefix.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Apache
44

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
  • Server Side Include (SSI) Injection
    An attacker can use Server Side Include (SSI) Injection to send code to a web application that then gets executed by the web server. Doing so enables the attacker to achieve similar results to Cross Site Scripting, viz., arbitrary code execution and information disclosure, albeit on a more limited scale, since the SSI directives are nowhere near as powerful as a full-fledged scripting language. Nonetheless, the attacker can conveniently gain access to sensitive files, such as password files, and execute shell commands.
  • Cross Zone Scripting
    An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. In a zone-based model, pages belong to one of a set of zones corresponding to the level of privilege assigned to that page. Pages in an untrusted zone would have a lesser level of access to the system and/or be restricted in the types of executable content it was allowed to invoke. In a cross-zone scripting attack, a page that should be assigned to a less privileged zone is granted the privileges of a more trusted zone. This can be accomplished by exploiting bugs in the browser, exploiting incorrect configuration in the zone controls, through a cross-site scripting attack that causes the attackers' content to be treated as coming from a more trusted page, or by leveraging some piece of system functionality that is accessible from both the trusted and less trusted zone. This attack differs from "Restful Privilege Escalation" in that the latter correlates to the inadequate securing of RESTful access methods (such as HTTP DELETE) on the server, while cross-zone scripting attacks the concept of security zones as implemented by a browser.
  • Cross Site Scripting through Log Files
    An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
  • Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
    An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

Exploit-Db

  • descriptionApache Struts2 2.0.0 < 2.3.15 - Prefixed Parameters OGNL Injection. CVE-2013-2251. Webapps exploit for Multiple platform
    idEDB-ID:44583
    last seen2018-05-24
    modified2014-01-14
    published2014-01-14
    reporterExploit-DB
    sourcehttps://www.exploit-db.com/download/44583/
    titleApache Struts2 2.0.0 < 2.3.15 - Prefixed Parameters OGNL Injection
  • descriptionApache Struts 2.2.3 Multiple Open Redirection Vulnerabilities. CVE-2013-2248. Remote exploits for multiple platform
    idEDB-ID:38666
    last seen2016-02-04
    modified2013-07-16
    published2013-07-16
    reporterTakeshi Terada
    sourcehttps://www.exploit-db.com/download/38666/
    titleApache Struts <= 2.2.3 Multiple Open Redirection Vulnerabilities

Nessus

NASL familyMisc.
NASL idSTRUTS_2_3_15_1.NASL
descriptionThe version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x prior to 2.3.15.1. It, therefore, is affected by multiple vulnerabilities including a remote command execution vulnerability and an open redirect vulnerability. Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application
last seen2020-06-01
modified2020-06-02
plugin id117362
published2018-09-10
reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/117362
titleApache Struts 2.x < 2.3.15.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-016) (S2-017)
code
#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(117362);
  script_version("1.11");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/05");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2013-2248", "CVE-2013-2251");
  script_bugtraq_id(61189, 61196);

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.15.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-016) (S2-017)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the Struts 2 version.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A web application running on the remote host uses a Java framework
that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x
prior to 2.3.15.1. It, therefore, is affected by multiple
vulnerabilities including a remote command execution vulnerability
and an open redirect vulnerability.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead
relied only on the application's self-reported version number.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-016");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-017");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.15.1 or later");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2013-2251");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"d2_elliot_name", value:"Apache-Struts DefaultActionMapper < 2.3.15.1 RCE Linux");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_d2_elliot", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts 2 DefaultActionMapper Prefixes OGNL Code Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_canvas", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"canvas_package", value:'CANVAS');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all");


  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2013/07/09");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2013/07/09");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/09/10");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("os_fingerprint.nasl", "struts_detect_win.nbin", "struts_detect_nix.nbin", "struts_config_browser_detect.nbin");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("installed_sw/Apache Struts", "installed_sw/Struts");

  exit(0);
}

include("vcf.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);


app_info = vcf::combined_get_app_info(app:"Apache Struts");

vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:3);

constraints = [
  { "min_version" : "2.0.0", "max_version" : "2.3.15", "fixed_version" : "2.3.15.1" }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);

Packetstorm

Seebug

bulletinFamilyexploit
descriptionBUGTRAQ ID: 61196 CVE(CAN) ID: CVE-2013-2248 Struts2 是第二代基于Model-View-Controller (MVC)模型的java企业级web应用框架。它是WebWork和Struts社区合并后的产物。 Apache Struts 2.0.0没有有效过滤&quot;redirect:&quot;/&quot;redirectAction:&quot;参数前缀内容，存在多个开放重定向漏洞，攻击者通过构建特制的URI并诱使用户点击，利用这些漏洞将这些用户重定向到攻击者控制的站点，执行钓鱼攻击。 0 Struts &lt; 2.3.15.1 厂商补丁： Apache Group ------------ 厂商已经发布Apache Struts 2.3.15.1以修复此安全漏洞，建议Struts用户及时升级到最新版本。 S2-017：A vulnerability introduced by manipulating parameters prefixed with &quot;redirect:&quot;/&quot;redirectAction:&quot; allows for open redirects 链接：http://struts.apache.org/release/2.3.x/docs/s2-017.html 补丁下载： http://struts.apache.org/download.cgi#struts23151
idSSV:60909
last seen2017-11-19
modified2013-07-17
published2013-07-17
reporterRoot
sourcehttps://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-60909
titleApache Struts 多个开放重定向漏洞(CVE-2013-2248)

References