Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-4097 - Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apple mac OS X
Attack vector
LOCAL Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
HIGH Integrity impact
HIGH Availability impact
HIGH Summary
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.13.3 is affected. The issue involves the "Kernel" component. It allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via a crafted app.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
- Server Side Include (SSI) Injection An attacker can use Server Side Include (SSI) Injection to send code to a web application that then gets executed by the web server. Doing so enables the attacker to achieve similar results to Cross Site Scripting, viz., arbitrary code execution and information disclosure, albeit on a more limited scale, since the SSI directives are nowhere near as powerful as a full-fledged scripting language. Nonetheless, the attacker can conveniently gain access to sensitive files, such as password files, and execute shell commands.
- Cross Zone Scripting An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. In a zone-based model, pages belong to one of a set of zones corresponding to the level of privilege assigned to that page. Pages in an untrusted zone would have a lesser level of access to the system and/or be restricted in the types of executable content it was allowed to invoke. In a cross-zone scripting attack, a page that should be assigned to a less privileged zone is granted the privileges of a more trusted zone. This can be accomplished by exploiting bugs in the browser, exploiting incorrect configuration in the zone controls, through a cross-site scripting attack that causes the attackers' content to be treated as coming from a more trusted page, or by leveraging some piece of system functionality that is accessible from both the trusted and less trusted zone. This attack differs from "Restful Privilege Escalation" in that the latter correlates to the inadequate securing of RESTful access methods (such as HTTP DELETE) on the server, while cross-zone scripting attacks the concept of security zones as implemented by a browser.
- Cross Site Scripting through Log Files An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
- Command Line Execution through SQL Injection An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
Nessus
NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOS_10_13_3.NASL description The remote host is running a version of Mac OS X that is 10.13.x prior to 10.13.3. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities in the following components : - Audio - curl - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - LinkPresentation - QuartzCore - Sandbox - Security - WebKit - Wi-Fi Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can result in arbitrary code execution. last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 106296 published 2018-01-24 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/106296 title macOS 10.13.x < 10.13.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(106296); script_version("1.10"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/06/19 15:17:43"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2017-13889", "CVE-2017-5705", "CVE-2017-5708", "CVE-2017-7830", "CVE-2017-8816", "CVE-2017-8817", "CVE-2018-4082", "CVE-2018-4083", "CVE-2018-4084", "CVE-2018-4085", "CVE-2018-4086", "CVE-2018-4088", "CVE-2018-4089", "CVE-2018-4090", "CVE-2018-4091", "CVE-2018-4092", "CVE-2018-4093", "CVE-2018-4094", "CVE-2018-4096", "CVE-2018-4097", "CVE-2018-4098", "CVE-2018-4100", "CVE-2018-4147", "CVE-2018-4169", "CVE-2018-4189" ); script_bugtraq_id( 101832, 101917, 101921, 101998, 102057, 102772, 102775, 102778, 102782, 102785, 103330 ); script_name(english:"macOS 10.13.x < 10.13.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities"); script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Mac OS X / macOS."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote host is missing a macOS update that fixes multiple security vulnerabilities."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The remote host is running a version of Mac OS X that is 10.13.x prior to 10.13.3. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities in the following components : - Audio - curl - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - LinkPresentation - QuartzCore - Sandbox - Security - WebKit - Wi-Fi Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can result in arbitrary code execution."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208465"); # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Jan/msg00001.html script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?19644313"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to macOS version 10.13.3 or later."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4189"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/01/24"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl"); script_require_ports("Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/OS"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); os = get_kb_item("Host/MacOSX/Version"); if (!os) { os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/OS"); if ("Mac OS X" >!< os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X"); c = get_kb_item("Host/OS/Confidence"); if (c <= 70) exit(1, "Can't determine the host's OS with sufficient confidence."); } if (!os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X"); matches = pregmatch(pattern:"Mac OS X ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)+)", string:os); if (empty_or_null(matches)) exit(1, "Failed to parse the macOS / Mac OS X version ('" + os + "')."); version = matches[1]; fixed_version = "10.13.3"; if (version !~"^10\.13($|[^0-9])") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS 10.13.x"); if (ver_compare(ver:version, fix:'10.13.3', strict:FALSE) == -1) { security_report_v4( port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra: '\n Installed version : ' + version + '\n Fixed version : ' + fixed_version + '\n' ); } else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, "macOS / Mac OS X", version);NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOSX_SECUPD2018-001.NASL description The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.11.6 or Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - Audio - curl - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - LinkPresentation - QuartzCore - Sandbox - Security - WebKit - Wi-Fi last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 106297 published 2018-01-24 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/106297 title macOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-001) (Meltdown) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(106297); script_version("1.10"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/06/19 15:17:43"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2017-5705", "CVE-2017-5708", "CVE-2017-5754", "CVE-2018-4083", "CVE-2018-4084", "CVE-2018-4085", "CVE-2018-4086", "CVE-2018-4094", "CVE-2018-4097", "CVE-2018-4098", "CVE-2018-4100", "CVE-2018-4189", "CVE-2018-4298" ); script_bugtraq_id( 101917, 101921, 102378, 102772, 102782, 102785, 103330 ); script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2018-A-0019"); script_name(english:"macOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-001) (Meltdown)"); script_summary(english:"Checks for the presence of Security Update 2017-002 / 2017-005."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote host is missing a macOS or Mac OS X security update that fixes multiple vulnerabilities."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.11.6 or Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - Audio - curl - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - LinkPresentation - QuartzCore - Sandbox - Security - WebKit - Wi-Fi"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208465"); # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Jan/msg00001.html script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?19644313"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Install Security Update 2018-001 or later for 10.11.x or Security Update 2018-001 or later for 10.12.x."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4189"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_malware", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/01/24"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"stig_severity", value:"I"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); # Compare 2 patch numbers to determine if patch requirements are satisfied. # Return true if this patch or a later patch is applied # Return false otherwise function check_patch(year, number) { local_var p_split = split(patch, sep:"-"); local_var p_year = int( p_split[0]); local_var p_num = int( p_split[1]); if (year > p_year) return TRUE; else if (year < p_year) return FALSE; else if (number >= p_num) return TRUE; else return FALSE; } get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/local_checks_enabled"); os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/Version"); if (!preg(pattern:"Mac OS X 10\.(11\.6|12\.6)([^0-9]|$)", string:os)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X 10.11.6 or Mac OS X 10.12.6"); if ("10.11.6" >< os) patch = "2018-001"; else patch = "2018-001"; packages = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/packages/boms", exit_code:1); sec_boms_report = pgrep( pattern:"^com\.apple\.pkg\.update\.(security\.|os\.SecUpd).*bom$", string:packages ); sec_boms = split(sec_boms_report, sep:'\n'); foreach package (sec_boms) { # Grab patch year and number matches = pregmatch(pattern:"[^0-9](20[0-9][0-9])[-.]([0-9]{3})[^0-9]", string:package); if (empty_or_null(matches)) continue; if (empty_or_null(matches[1]) || empty_or_null(matches[2])) continue; patch_found = check_patch(year:int(matches[1]), number:int(matches[2])); if (patch_found) exit(0, "The host has Security Update " + patch + " or later installed and is therefore not affected."); } report = '\n Missing security update : ' + patch; report += '\n Installed security BOMs : '; if (sec_boms_report) report += str_replace(find:'\n', replace:'\n ', string:sec_boms_report); else report += 'n/a'; report += '\n'; security_report_v4(port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra:report);