Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-4728 - Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apple products
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
HIGH Integrity impact
HIGH Availability impact
HIGH Summary
WebKit in Apple iOS before 10, tvOS before 10, iTunes before 12.5.1 on Windows, and Safari before 10 mishandles error prototypes, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
- Server Side Include (SSI) Injection An attacker can use Server Side Include (SSI) Injection to send code to a web application that then gets executed by the web server. Doing so enables the attacker to achieve similar results to Cross Site Scripting, viz., arbitrary code execution and information disclosure, albeit on a more limited scale, since the SSI directives are nowhere near as powerful as a full-fledged scripting language. Nonetheless, the attacker can conveniently gain access to sensitive files, such as password files, and execute shell commands.
- Cross Zone Scripting An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. In a zone-based model, pages belong to one of a set of zones corresponding to the level of privilege assigned to that page. Pages in an untrusted zone would have a lesser level of access to the system and/or be restricted in the types of executable content it was allowed to invoke. In a cross-zone scripting attack, a page that should be assigned to a less privileged zone is granted the privileges of a more trusted zone. This can be accomplished by exploiting bugs in the browser, exploiting incorrect configuration in the zone controls, through a cross-site scripting attack that causes the attackers' content to be treated as coming from a more trusted page, or by leveraging some piece of system functionality that is accessible from both the trusted and less trusted zone. This attack differs from "Restful Privilege Escalation" in that the latter correlates to the inadequate securing of RESTful access methods (such as HTTP DELETE) on the server, while cross-zone scripting attacks the concept of security zones as implemented by a browser.
- Cross Site Scripting through Log Files An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
- Command Line Execution through SQL Injection An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
Nessus
NASL family Peer-To-Peer File Sharing NASL id ITUNES_12_5_1_BANNER.NASL description The version of Apple iTunes running on the remote Windows host is prior to 12.5.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to improper handling of error prototypes. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4728) - An information disclosure vulnerability exists in WebKit due to a permission issue caused by improper handling of the location variable. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to disclose sensitive information. (CVE-2016-4758) - Multiple memory corruption errors exist in WebKit due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit these issues, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to cause a denial of service condition or the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4759, CVE-2016-4762, CVE-2016-4764, CVE-2016-4765, CVE-2016-4766, CVE-2016-4767, CVE-2016-4768, CVE-2016-4769) - A rebinding flaw exists in WebKit due to a failure to restrict HTTP/0.9 responses to default ports and cancel resource loads if a document is loaded with a different HTTP protocol version. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to access non-HTTP services. (CVE-2016-4760) - A security bypass vulnerability exists in WebKit in the WKWebView component due to a failure to properly verify X.509 certificates from HTTPS servers. A man-in-the-middle attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted certificate, to spoof servers and disclose or manipulate network traffic. (CVE-2016-4763) Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 94971 published 2016-11-18 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/94971 title Apple iTunes < 12.5.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (uncredentialed Check) NASL family Ubuntu Local Security Checks NASL id UBUNTU_USN-3166-1.NASL description A large number of security issues were discovered in the WebKitGTK+ Web and JavaScript engines. If a user were tricked into viewing a malicious website, a remote attacker could exploit a variety of issues related to web browser security, including cross-site scripting attacks, denial of service attacks, and arbitrary code execution. Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues. last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 96406 published 2017-01-11 reporter Ubuntu Security Notice (C) 2017-2020 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2017-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/96406 title Ubuntu 16.04 LTS : webkit2gtk vulnerabilities (USN-3166-1) NASL family Windows NASL id ITUNES_12_5_1.NASL description The version of Apple iTunes installed on the remote Windows host is prior to 12.5.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to improper handling of error prototypes. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4728) - An information disclosure vulnerability exists in WebKit due to a permission issue caused by improper handling of the location variable. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to disclose sensitive information. (CVE-2016-4758) - Multiple memory corruption errors exist in WebKit due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit these issues, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to cause a denial of service condition or the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4759, CVE-2016-4762, CVE-2016-4764, CVE-2016-4765, CVE-2016-4766, CVE-2016-4767, CVE-2016-4768, CVE-2016-4769) - A rebinding flaw exists in WebKit due to a failure to restrict HTTP/0.9 responses to default ports and cancel resource loads if a document is loaded with a different HTTP protocol version. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to visit a maliciously crafted website, to access non-HTTP services. (CVE-2016-4760) - A security bypass vulnerability exists in WebKit in the WKWebView component due to a failure to properly verify X.509 certificates from HTTPS servers. A man-in-the-middle attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted certificate, to spoof servers and disclose or manipulate network traffic. (CVE-2016-4763) Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 94914 published 2016-11-16 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/94914 title Apple iTunes < 12.5.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (credentialed check) NASL family Misc. NASL id APPLETV_10.NASL description According to its banner, the version of Apple TV on the remote device is prior to 10. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities in the following components : - Audio - CFNetwork - CoreCrypto - FontParser - IOAcceleratorFamily - Kernel - libxml2 - libxslt - Security - WebKit Note that only 4th generation models are affected by these vulnerabilities. last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 93776 published 2016-09-28 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/93776 title Apple TV < 10 Multiple Vulnerabilities NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOSX_SAFARI10_0.NASL description The version of Apple Safari installed on the remote Mac OS X or macOS host is prior to 10.0. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple memory corruption issues exist in WebKit that allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service condition or execute arbitrary code via specially a crafted website. (CVE-2016-4611, CVE-2016-4729, CVE-2016-4730, CVE-2016-4731, CVE-2016-4734, CVE-2016-4735, CVE-2016-4737, CVE-2016-4759, CVE-2016-4762, CVE-2016-4766, CVE-2016-4767, CVE-2016-4768, CVE-2016-4769) - A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in the Reader feature due to improper validation of user-supplied input before returning it to users. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, by convincing a user to follow a specially crafted link, to execute arbitrary script code in a user last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 93721 published 2016-09-26 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2018 Tenable Network Security, Inc. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/93721 title Mac OS X : Apple Safari < 10.0 Multiple Vulnerabilities
References
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00007.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00007.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00008.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00008.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00011.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00011.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00012.html
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00012.html
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93064
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93064
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036854
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036854
- https://support.apple.com/HT207142
- https://support.apple.com/HT207142
- https://support.apple.com/HT207143
- https://support.apple.com/HT207143
- https://support.apple.com/HT207157
- https://support.apple.com/HT207157
- https://support.apple.com/HT207158
- https://support.apple.com/HT207158