Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-3093 - Improper Input Validation vulnerability in multiple products
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
NONE Integrity impact
NONE Availability impact
LOW Summary
Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.24.1 does not properly cache method references when used with OGNL before 3.0.12, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (block access to a web site) via unspecified vectors.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
- Server Side Include (SSI) Injection An attacker can use Server Side Include (SSI) Injection to send code to a web application that then gets executed by the web server. Doing so enables the attacker to achieve similar results to Cross Site Scripting, viz., arbitrary code execution and information disclosure, albeit on a more limited scale, since the SSI directives are nowhere near as powerful as a full-fledged scripting language. Nonetheless, the attacker can conveniently gain access to sensitive files, such as password files, and execute shell commands.
- Cross Zone Scripting An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. In a zone-based model, pages belong to one of a set of zones corresponding to the level of privilege assigned to that page. Pages in an untrusted zone would have a lesser level of access to the system and/or be restricted in the types of executable content it was allowed to invoke. In a cross-zone scripting attack, a page that should be assigned to a less privileged zone is granted the privileges of a more trusted zone. This can be accomplished by exploiting bugs in the browser, exploiting incorrect configuration in the zone controls, through a cross-site scripting attack that causes the attackers' content to be treated as coming from a more trusted page, or by leveraging some piece of system functionality that is accessible from both the trusted and less trusted zone. This attack differs from "Restful Privilege Escalation" in that the latter correlates to the inadequate securing of RESTful access methods (such as HTTP DELETE) on the server, while cross-zone scripting attacks the concept of security zones as implemented by a browser.
- Cross Site Scripting through Log Files An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
- Command Line Execution through SQL Injection An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
Nessus
NASL family F5 Networks Local Security Checks NASL id F5_BIGIP_SOL23432135.NASL description Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.24.1 does not properly cache method references when used with OGNL before 3.0.12, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (block access to a website) via unspecified vectors. (CVE-2016-3093) last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 91861 published 2016-06-28 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/91861 title F5 Networks BIG-IP : Apache Struts 2 vulnerability (K23432135) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from F5 Networks BIG-IP Solution K23432135. # # The text description of this plugin is (C) F5 Networks. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(91861); script_version("2.9"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/01/04 10:03:40"); script_cve_id("CVE-2016-3093"); script_name(english:"F5 Networks BIG-IP : Apache Struts 2 vulnerability (K23432135)"); script_summary(english:"Checks the BIG-IP version."); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value:"The remote device is missing a vendor-supplied security patch." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.24.1 does not properly cache method references when used with OGNL before 3.0.12, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (block access to a website) via unspecified vectors. (CVE-2016-3093)" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K23432135" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to one of the non-vulnerable versions listed in the F5 Solution K23432135." ); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/h:f5:big-ip"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/06/27"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/06/28"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_family(english:"F5 Networks Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("f5_bigip_detect.nbin"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/BIG-IP/hotfix", "Host/BIG-IP/modules", "Host/BIG-IP/version"); exit(0); } include("f5_func.inc"); if ( ! get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled") ) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); version = get_kb_item("Host/BIG-IP/version"); if ( ! version ) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "F5 Networks BIG-IP"); if ( isnull(get_kb_item("Host/BIG-IP/hotfix")) ) audit(AUDIT_KB_MISSING, "Host/BIG-IP/hotfix"); if ( ! get_kb_item("Host/BIG-IP/modules") ) audit(AUDIT_KB_MISSING, "Host/BIG-IP/modules"); sol = "K23432135"; vmatrix = make_array(); # AM vmatrix["AM"] = make_array(); vmatrix["AM"]["affected" ] = make_list("12.0.0-12.1.2"); vmatrix["AM"]["unaffected"] = make_list("13.0.0","11.4.0-11.6.1"); if (bigip_is_affected(vmatrix:vmatrix, sol:sol)) { if (report_verbosity > 0) security_warning(port:0, extra:bigip_report_get()); else security_warning(0); exit(0); } else { tested = bigip_get_tested_modules(); audit_extra = "For BIG-IP module(s) " + tested + ","; if (tested) audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, audit_extra, version); else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "running the affected module AM"); }
NASL family Misc. NASL id STRUTS_2_3_28_WIN_LOCAL.NASL description The version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x prior to 2.3.28. It is, therefore, affected by the following vulnerabilities : - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to improper validation of user-supplied input when using a single byte page encoding. A remote attacker can exploit this, via non-spec URL-encoded parameter value including multi-byte characters. (CVE-2016-4003) - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to certain tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-0785) - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to improper validation of user-supplied input when using the I18NInterceptor. A remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary script code in a user last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 90153 published 2016-03-24 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/90153 title Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.28 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-028) (S2-029) (S2-030) (S2-034) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(90153); script_version("1.15"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/02/15 10:32:14"); script_cve_id("CVE-2016-4003", "CVE-2016-0785", "CVE-2016-2162", "CVE-2016-3093"); script_bugtraq_id(86311, 85066, 85070, 90961); script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.28 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-028) (S2-029) (S2-030) (S2-034)"); script_summary(english:"Checks the Struts 2 version."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "A web application running on the remote host uses a Java framework that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x prior to 2.3.28. It is, therefore, affected by the following vulnerabilities : - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to improper validation of user-supplied input when using a single byte page encoding. A remote attacker can exploit this, via non-spec URL-encoded parameter value including multi-byte characters. (CVE-2016-4003) - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to certain tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-0785) - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to improper validation of user-supplied input when using the I18NInterceptor. A remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary script code in a user's browser session. (CVE-2016-2162) - A denial of service vulnerability exists in the Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) component due to a flaw in the implementation of the cache for stored method references. A context-dependent attacker can exploit this to block access to arbitrary websites. (CVE-2016-3093) Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-028.html"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-029.html"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-030.html"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-034.html"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/version-notes-2328.html"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.28 or later. Alternatively, apply the workaround referenced in the vendor advisory."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-0785"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/03/15"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/03/22"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/03/24"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"Misc."); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("os_fingerprint.nasl", "struts_detect_win.nbin", "struts_detect_nix.nbin", "struts_config_browser_detect.nbin"); script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport"); script_require_ports("installed_sw/Apache Struts","installed_sw/Struts"); exit(0); } include("vcf.inc"); if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID); app_info = vcf::combined_get_app_info(app:"Apache Struts"); vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:3); constraints = [ { "min_version" : "2.0.0", "max_version" : "2.3.24.1", "fixed_version" : "2.3.28" } ]; vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, flags:{xss:TRUE});
References
- http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-034.html
- http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-034.html
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90961
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90961
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036018
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036018
- http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854
- http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854
- https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/940b4c3fef002461b89a050935337056d4a036a65ef68e0bbd4621ef%40%3Cdev.struts.apache.org%3E
- https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/940b4c3fef002461b89a050935337056d4a036a65ef68e0bbd4621ef%40%3Cdev.struts.apache.org%3E