Vulnerabilities > CVE-2015-2461 - Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Microsoft products
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
MEDIUM Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
COMPLETE Integrity impact
COMPLETE Availability impact
COMPLETE Summary
ATMFD.DLL in the Windows Adobe Type Manager Library in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OpenType font, aka "OpenType Font Parsing Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-2458 and CVE-2015-2459.
Vulnerable Configurations
| Part | Description | Count |
|---|---|---|
| OS | 12 |
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
- Server Side Include (SSI) Injection An attacker can use Server Side Include (SSI) Injection to send code to a web application that then gets executed by the web server. Doing so enables the attacker to achieve similar results to Cross Site Scripting, viz., arbitrary code execution and information disclosure, albeit on a more limited scale, since the SSI directives are nowhere near as powerful as a full-fledged scripting language. Nonetheless, the attacker can conveniently gain access to sensitive files, such as password files, and execute shell commands.
- Cross Zone Scripting An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security. In a zone-based model, pages belong to one of a set of zones corresponding to the level of privilege assigned to that page. Pages in an untrusted zone would have a lesser level of access to the system and/or be restricted in the types of executable content it was allowed to invoke. In a cross-zone scripting attack, a page that should be assigned to a less privileged zone is granted the privileges of a more trusted zone. This can be accomplished by exploiting bugs in the browser, exploiting incorrect configuration in the zone controls, through a cross-site scripting attack that causes the attackers' content to be treated as coming from a more trusted page, or by leveraging some piece of system functionality that is accessible from both the trusted and less trusted zone. This attack differs from "Restful Privilege Escalation" in that the latter correlates to the inadequate securing of RESTful access methods (such as HTTP DELETE) on the server, while cross-zone scripting attacks the concept of security zones as implemented by a browser.
- Cross Site Scripting through Log Files An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
- Command Line Execution through SQL Injection An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
Exploit-Db
| description | Windows ATMFD.DLL Out-of-Bounds Read Due to Malformed Name INDEX in the CFF Table. CVE-2015-2461. Dos exploit for windows platform |
| file | exploits/windows/dos/37917.txt |
| id | EDB-ID:37917 |
| last seen | 2016-02-04 |
| modified | 2015-08-21 |
| platform | windows |
| port | |
| published | 2015-08-21 |
| reporter | Google Security Research |
| source | https://www.exploit-db.com/download/37917/ |
| title | Windows ATMFD.DLL Out-of-Bounds Read Due to Malformed Name INDEX in the CFF Table |
| type | dos |
Msbulletin
| bulletin_id | MS15-080 |
| bulletin_url | |
| date | 2015-08-11T00:00:00 |
| impact | Remote Code Execution |
| knowledgebase_id | 3078662 |
| knowledgebase_url | |
| severity | Critical |
| title | Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Graphics Component Could Allow Remote Code Execution |
Nessus
| NASL family | Windows : Microsoft Bulletins |
| NASL id | SMB_NT_MS15-080.NASL |
| description | The remote Windows host is affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple remote code execution vulnerabilities exist due to the Windows Adobe Type Manager Library not properly handling specially crafted OpenType fonts. An attacker can exploit these, by using a crafted document or web page with embedded OpenType fonts, to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. (CVE-2015-2432, CVE-2015-2458, CVE-2015-2459, CVE-2015-2460, CVE-2015-2461, CVE-2015-2462) - Multiple remote code execution vulnerabilities exist in various components of Windows, .NET Framework, Office, Lync, and Silverlight due to a failure to properly handle TrueType fonts. An attacker can exploit these, by using a crafted document or web page with embedded TrueType fonts, to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. (CVE-2015-2435, CVE-2015-2455, CVE-2015-2456 CVE-2015-2463, CVE-2015-2464) - A remote code execution vulnerability exists due to Microsoft Office not properly handling Office Graphics Library (OGL) fonts. An attacker can exploit this, by using a crafted document or web page with embedded OGL fonts, to execute arbitrary code in the context of the user. (CVE-2015-2431) - A security feature bypass vulnerability exists due to a failure by the Windows kernel to properly initialize a memory address. An attacker, using a specially crafted application, can exploit this issue to bypass Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (KASLR) and retrieve the base address of the kernel driver. (CVE-2015-2433) - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists due to a flaw in the Windows Client/Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) when terminating a process when a user logs off. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to run code that monitors the actions of users who log on to the system, allowing the disclosure of sensitive information which could be used to elevate privileges or execute code. (CVE-2015-2453) - A security feature bypass vulnerability exists due to the Windows kernel-mode driver not properly validating and enforcing impersonation levels. An attacker can exploit this to gain elevated privileges on a targeted system. (CVE-2015-2454) - A security feature bypass vulnerability exists due to the Windows shell not properly validating and enforcing impersonation levels. An attacker can exploit this to bypass impersonation-level security and gain elevated privileges on a targeted system. (CVE-2015-2465) |
| last seen | 2020-06-01 |
| modified | 2020-06-02 |
| plugin id | 85348 |
| published | 2015-08-12 |
| reporter | This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. |
| source | https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/85348 |
| title | MS15-080 : Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Graphics Component Could Allow Remote Code Execution (3078662) |
| code | |
Seebug
| bulletinFamily | exploit |
| description | We have encountered a Windows kernel crash in the ATMFD.DLL OpenType driver while processing a corrupted OTF font file, see below: ``` --- DRIVER_PAGE_FAULT_BEYOND_END_OF_ALLOCATION (d6) N bytes of memory was allocated and more than N bytes are being referenced. This cannot be protected by try-except. When possible, the guilty driver's name (Unicode string) is printed on the bugcheck screen and saved in KiBugCheckDriver. Arguments: Arg1: fb69b01e, memory referenced Arg2: 00000000, value 0 = read operation, 1 = write operation Arg3: 8f635862, if non-zero, the address which referenced memory. Arg4: 00000000, (reserved) Debugging Details: ------------------ [...] FAULTING_IP: ATMFD+35862 8f635862 803802 cmp byte ptr [eax],2 MM_INTERNAL_CODE: 0 CPU_COUNT: 4 CPU_MHZ: da3 CPU_VENDOR: GenuineIntel CPU_FAMILY: 6 CPU_MODEL: 3e CPU_STEPPING: 4 CPU_MICROCODE: 6,3e,4,0 (F,M,S,R) SIG: 19'00000000 (cache) 19'00000000 (init) DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: WIN7_DRIVER_FAULT BUGCHECK_STR: 0xD6 PROCESS_NAME: csrss.exe CURRENT_IRQL: 2 ANALYSIS_SESSION_HOST: WIN7-32-VM ANALYSIS_SESSION_TIME: 03-21-2017 10:49:20.0375 ANALYSIS_VERSION: 10.0.10586.567 x86fre LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER: from 8f636088 to 8f635862 STACK_TEXT: WARNING: Stack unwind information not available. Following frames may be wrong. 9625f538 8f636088 9625f790 05f70000 9625f790 ATMFD+0x35862 9625f630 8f6355b1 9625f790 05f70000 9625f64c ATMFD+0x36088 9625f734 8f635711 9625f790 05f70000 9625f868 ATMFD+0x355b1 9625f768 8f6051b0 00000000 9625f790 05f70000 ATMFD+0x35711 9625f808 8f607279 00000004 00000001 00000002 ATMFD+0x51b0 9625f888 8f603d14 00000000 00000000 94bb3200 ATMFD+0x7279 9625f96c 8f6e7b8d 00000004 fbad2fc0 fbadaff8 ATMFD+0x3d14 9625f9b4 8f6e7adf 00000001 fbad2fc0 fbadaff8 win32k!PDEVOBJ::LoadFontFile+0x3c 9625f9f4 8f6e74fc ffa6a130 0000002e fbad2fc0 win32k!vLoadFontFileView+0x291 9625fa80 8f6d6403 9625fb58 0000002e 00000001 win32k!PUBLIC_PFTOBJ::bLoadFonts+0x209 9625facc 8f6d73d8 9625fb58 0000002e 00000001 win32k!GreAddFontResourceWInternal+0xfb 9625fc14 8164ddb6 000d9b78 0000002e 00000001 win32k!NtGdiAddFontResourceW+0x142 9625fc14 77ad6c74 000d9b78 0000002e 00000001 nt!KiSystemServicePostCall --- ``` The bugcheck is caused by an attempt to read memory from an unmapped address. The specific expression being dereferenced by ATMFD.DLL is "base address of the Name INDEX data + NAME.offset[x] - 1", however no bounds checking is performed over the value of NAME.offset[x] before using it for pointer arithmetic. To our current knowledge, this condition can only lead to an out-of-bounds read, thus limiting the impact of the bug to remote denial of service, or potentially local kernel memory disclosure. However, we have not fully confirmed that the severity of the bug is not in fact more significant due to some further ATMFD logic we are not aware of. Interestingly, the crash is almost identical to the one reported in [Issue #386](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=386) (MSRC-30296) nearly two years ago, which was supposedly fixed as CVE-2015-2461 in the MS15-080 bulletin. The fact that the same bugcheck still reproduces can potentially mean that the patch was insufficient. Only a single bitflip applied to a valid font file is sufficient to create an offending testcase (excluding SFNT table checksums). In our case, the byte at offset 0x375 in the original sample must be changed from 0x01 to 0x41. This corresponds to offset 0x71 of the "CFF " table. The PoC font can be found attached to this tracker entry. The issue reproduces on Windows 7 (other platforms untested). It is easiest to reproduce with Special Pools enabled for ATMFD.DLL, leading to an immediate crash when the bug is triggered. The bugcheck occurs upon opening the font in any default utility such as the Windows Font Viewer -- no special tools are required. [poc.otf](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/attachment?aid=276076) |
| id | SSV:96249 |
| last seen | 2017-11-19 |
| modified | 2017-06-27 |
| published | 2017-06-27 |
| reporter | Root |
| title | Windows Kernel ATMFD.DLL out-of-bounds read due to malformed Name INDEX in the CFF table(CVE-2017-8483) |