Vulnerabilities > Linux > Linux Kernel > 5.10.94

DATE CVE VULNERABILITY TITLE RISK
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-49861 Unspecified vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix helper writes to read-only maps Lonial found an issue that despite user- and BPF-side frozen BPF map (like in case of .rodata), it was still possible to write into it from a BPF program side through specific helpers having ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} as arguments. In check_func_arg() when the argument is as mentioned, the meta->raw_mode is never set.
local
low complexity
linux
7.1
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47678 Information Exposure Through Discrepancy vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: icmp: change the order of rate limits ICMP messages are ratelimited : After the blamed commits, the two rate limiters are applied in this order: 1) host wide ratelimit (icmp_global_allow()) 2) Per destination ratelimit (inetpeer based) In order to avoid side-channels attacks, we need to apply the per destination check first. This patch makes the following change : 1) icmp_global_allow() checks if the host wide limit is reached. But credits are not yet consumed.
local
low complexity
linux CWE-203
5.5
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47679 Race Condition vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vfs: fix race between evice_inodes() and find_inode()&iput() Hi, all Recently I noticed a bug[1] in btrfs, after digged it into and I believe it'a race in vfs. Let's assume there's a inode (ie ino 261) with i_count 1 is called by iput(), and there's a concurrent thread calling generic_shutdown_super(). cpu0: cpu1: iput() // i_count is 1 ->spin_lock(inode) ->dec i_count to 0 ->iput_final() generic_shutdown_super() ->__inode_add_lru() ->evict_inodes() // cause some reason[2] ->if (atomic_read(inode->i_count)) continue; // return before // inode 261 passed the above check // list_lru_add_obj() // and then schedule out ->spin_unlock() // note here: the inode 261 // was still at sb list and hash list, // and I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE was not been set btrfs_iget() // after some function calls ->find_inode() // found the above inode 261 ->spin_lock(inode) // check I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE // and passed ->__iget() ->spin_unlock(inode) // schedule back ->spin_lock(inode) // check (I_NEW|I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE) flags, // passed and set I_FREEING iput() ->spin_unlock(inode) ->spin_lock(inode) ->evict() // dec i_count to 0 ->iput_final() ->spin_unlock() ->evict() Now, we have two threads simultaneously evicting the same inode, which may trigger the BUG(inode->i_state & I_CLEAR) statement both within clear_inode() and iput(). To fix the bug, recheck the inode->i_count after holding i_lock. Because in the most scenarios, the first check is valid, and the overhead of spin_lock() can be reduced. If there is any misunderstanding, please let me know, thanks. [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/[email protected]/ [2]: The reason might be 1.
local
high complexity
linux CWE-362
4.7
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47683 NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Skip Recompute DSC Params if no Stream on Link [why] Encounter NULL pointer dereference uner mst + dsc setup. BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008 PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI CPU: 4 PID: 917 Comm: sway Not tainted 6.3.9-arch1-1 #1 124dc55df4f5272ccb409f39ef4872fc2b3376a2 Hardware name: LENOVO 20NKS01Y00/20NKS01Y00, BIOS R12ET61W(1.31 ) 07/28/2022 RIP: 0010:drm_dp_atomic_find_time_slots+0x5e/0x260 [drm_display_helper] Code: 01 00 00 48 8b 85 60 05 00 00 48 63 80 88 00 00 00 3b 43 28 0f 8d 2e 01 00 00 48 8b 53 30 48 8d 04 80 48 8d 04 c2 48 8b 40 18 <48> 8> RSP: 0018:ffff960cc2df77d8 EFLAGS: 00010293 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8afb87e81280 RCX: 0000000000000224 RDX: ffff8afb9ee37c00 RSI: ffff8afb8da1a578 RDI: ffff8afb87e81280 RBP: ffff8afb83d67000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffff8afb9652f850 R10: ffff960cc2df7908 R11: 0000000000000002 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: ffff8afb8d7688a0 R14: ffff8afb8da1a578 R15: 0000000000000224 FS: 00007f4dac35ce00(0000) GS:ffff8afe30b00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000008 CR3: 000000010ddc6000 CR4: 00000000003506e0 Call Trace: <TASK> ? __die+0x23/0x70 ? page_fault_oops+0x171/0x4e0 ? plist_add+0xbe/0x100 ? exc_page_fault+0x7c/0x180 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30 ? drm_dp_atomic_find_time_slots+0x5e/0x260 [drm_display_helper 0e67723696438d8e02b741593dd50d80b44c2026] ? drm_dp_atomic_find_time_slots+0x28/0x260 [drm_display_helper 0e67723696438d8e02b741593dd50d80b44c2026] compute_mst_dsc_configs_for_link+0x2ff/0xa40 [amdgpu 62e600d2a75e9158e1cd0a243bdc8e6da040c054] ? fill_plane_buffer_attributes+0x419/0x510 [amdgpu 62e600d2a75e9158e1cd0a243bdc8e6da040c054] compute_mst_dsc_configs_for_state+0x1e1/0x250 [amdgpu 62e600d2a75e9158e1cd0a243bdc8e6da040c054] amdgpu_dm_atomic_check+0xecd/0x1190 [amdgpu 62e600d2a75e9158e1cd0a243bdc8e6da040c054] drm_atomic_check_only+0x5c5/0xa40 drm_mode_atomic_ioctl+0x76e/0xbc0 [how] dsc recompute should be skipped if no mode change detected on the new request.
local
low complexity
linux CWE-476
5.5
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47684 NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: check skb is non-NULL in tcp_rto_delta_us() We have some machines running stock Ubuntu 20.04.6 which is their 5.4.0-174-generic kernel that are running ceph and recently hit a null ptr dereference in tcp_rearm_rto().
local
low complexity
linux CWE-476
5.5
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47685 Use of Uninitialized Resource vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_reject_ipv6: fix nf_reject_ip6_tcphdr_put() syzbot reported that nf_reject_ip6_tcphdr_put() was possibly sending garbage on the four reserved tcp bits (th->res1) Use skb_put_zero() to clear the whole TCP header, as done in nf_reject_ip_tcphdr_put() BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in nf_reject_ip6_tcphdr_put+0x688/0x6c0 net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_reject_ipv6.c:255 nf_reject_ip6_tcphdr_put+0x688/0x6c0 net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_reject_ipv6.c:255 nf_send_reset6+0xd84/0x15b0 net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_reject_ipv6.c:344 nft_reject_inet_eval+0x3c1/0x880 net/netfilter/nft_reject_inet.c:48 expr_call_ops_eval net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:240 [inline] nft_do_chain+0x438/0x22a0 net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:288 nft_do_chain_inet+0x41a/0x4f0 net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c:161 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf4/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook include/linux/netfilter.h:269 [inline] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:312 [inline] ipv6_rcv+0x29b/0x390 net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:310 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5661 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x1da/0xa00 net/core/dev.c:5775 process_backlog+0x4ad/0xa50 net/core/dev.c:6108 __napi_poll+0xe7/0x980 net/core/dev.c:6772 napi_poll net/core/dev.c:6841 [inline] net_rx_action+0xa5a/0x19b0 net/core/dev.c:6963 handle_softirqs+0x1ce/0x800 kernel/softirq.c:554 __do_softirq+0x14/0x1a kernel/softirq.c:588 do_softirq+0x9a/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:455 __local_bh_enable_ip+0x9f/0xb0 kernel/softirq.c:382 local_bh_enable include/linux/bottom_half.h:33 [inline] rcu_read_unlock_bh include/linux/rcupdate.h:908 [inline] __dev_queue_xmit+0x2692/0x5610 net/core/dev.c:4450 dev_queue_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:3105 [inline] neigh_resolve_output+0x9ca/0xae0 net/core/neighbour.c:1565 neigh_output include/net/neighbour.h:542 [inline] ip6_finish_output2+0x2347/0x2ba0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:141 __ip6_finish_output net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:215 [inline] ip6_finish_output+0xbb8/0x14b0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:226 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:303 [inline] ip6_output+0x356/0x620 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:247 dst_output include/net/dst.h:450 [inline] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:314 [inline] ip6_xmit+0x1ba6/0x25d0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:366 inet6_csk_xmit+0x442/0x530 net/ipv6/inet6_connection_sock.c:135 __tcp_transmit_skb+0x3b07/0x4880 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1466 tcp_transmit_skb net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1484 [inline] tcp_connect+0x35b6/0x7130 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:4143 tcp_v6_connect+0x1bcc/0x1e40 net/ipv6/tcp_ipv6.c:333 __inet_stream_connect+0x2ef/0x1730 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:679 inet_stream_connect+0x6a/0xd0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:750 __sys_connect_file net/socket.c:2061 [inline] __sys_connect+0x606/0x690 net/socket.c:2078 __do_sys_connect net/socket.c:2088 [inline] __se_sys_connect net/socket.c:2085 [inline] __x64_sys_connect+0x91/0xe0 net/socket.c:2085 x64_sys_call+0x27a5/0x3ba0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:43 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0x1e0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Uninit was stored to memory at: nf_reject_ip6_tcphdr_put+0x60c/0x6c0 net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_reject_ipv6.c:249 nf_send_reset6+0xd84/0x15b0 net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_reject_ipv6.c:344 nft_reject_inet_eval+0x3c1/0x880 net/netfilter/nft_reject_inet.c:48 expr_call_ops_eval net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:240 [inline] nft_do_chain+0x438/0x22a0 net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:288 nft_do_chain_inet+0x41a/0x4f0 net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c:161 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf4/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook include/linux/netfilter.h:269 [inline] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:312 [inline] ipv6_rcv+0x29b/0x390 net/ipv6/ip6_input.c:310 __netif_receive_skb_one_core ---truncated---
network
low complexity
linux CWE-908
critical
9.1
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47690 Unspecified vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: get rid of online repaire on corrupted directory syzbot reports a f2fs bug as below: kernel BUG at fs/f2fs/inode.c:896! RIP: 0010:f2fs_evict_inode+0x1598/0x15c0 fs/f2fs/inode.c:896 Call Trace: evict+0x532/0x950 fs/inode.c:704 dispose_list fs/inode.c:747 [inline] evict_inodes+0x5f9/0x690 fs/inode.c:797 generic_shutdown_super+0x9d/0x2d0 fs/super.c:627 kill_block_super+0x44/0x90 fs/super.c:1696 kill_f2fs_super+0x344/0x690 fs/f2fs/super.c:4898 deactivate_locked_super+0xc4/0x130 fs/super.c:473 cleanup_mnt+0x41f/0x4b0 fs/namespace.c:1373 task_work_run+0x24f/0x310 kernel/task_work.c:228 ptrace_notify+0x2d2/0x380 kernel/signal.c:2402 ptrace_report_syscall include/linux/ptrace.h:415 [inline] ptrace_report_syscall_exit include/linux/ptrace.h:477 [inline] syscall_exit_work+0xc6/0x190 kernel/entry/common.c:173 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_prepare kernel/entry/common.c:200 [inline] __syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work kernel/entry/common.c:205 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x279/0x370 kernel/entry/common.c:218 do_syscall_64+0x100/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:89 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0010:f2fs_evict_inode+0x1598/0x15c0 fs/f2fs/inode.c:896 Online repaire on corrupted directory in f2fs_lookup() can generate dirty data/meta while racing w/ readonly remount, it may leave dirty inode after filesystem becomes readonly, however, checkpoint() will skips flushing dirty inode in a state of readonly mode, result in above panic. Let's get rid of online repaire in f2fs_lookup(), and leave the work to fsck.f2fs.
local
low complexity
linux
5.5
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47691 Use After Free vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to avoid use-after-free in f2fs_stop_gc_thread() syzbot reports a f2fs bug as below: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:114 print_report+0xe8/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:491 kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:601 kasan_check_range+0x282/0x290 mm/kasan/generic.c:189 instrument_atomic_read_write include/linux/instrumented.h:96 [inline] atomic_fetch_add_relaxed include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:252 [inline] __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:184 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:241 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:258 [inline] get_task_struct include/linux/sched/task.h:118 [inline] kthread_stop+0xca/0x630 kernel/kthread.c:704 f2fs_stop_gc_thread+0x65/0xb0 fs/f2fs/gc.c:210 f2fs_do_shutdown+0x192/0x540 fs/f2fs/file.c:2283 f2fs_ioc_shutdown fs/f2fs/file.c:2325 [inline] __f2fs_ioctl+0x443a/0xbe60 fs/f2fs/file.c:4325 vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:907 [inline] __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:893 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The root cause is below race condition, it may cause use-after-free issue in sbi->gc_th pointer. - remount - f2fs_remount - f2fs_stop_gc_thread - kfree(gc_th) - f2fs_ioc_shutdown - f2fs_do_shutdown - f2fs_stop_gc_thread - kthread_stop(gc_th->f2fs_gc_task) : sbi->gc_thread = NULL; We will call f2fs_do_shutdown() in two paths: - for f2fs_ioc_shutdown() path, we should grab sb->s_umount semaphore for fixing. - for f2fs_shutdown() path, it's safe since caller has already grabbed sb->s_umount semaphore.
local
low complexity
linux CWE-416
7.8
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47692 NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: return -EINVAL when namelen is 0 When we have a corrupted main.sqlite in /var/lib/nfs/nfsdcld/, it may result in namelen being 0, which will cause memdup_user() to return ZERO_SIZE_PTR. When we access the name.data that has been assigned the value of ZERO_SIZE_PTR in nfs4_client_to_reclaim(), null pointer dereference is triggered. [ T1205] ================================================================== [ T1205] BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260 [ T1205] Read of size 1 at addr 0000000000000010 by task nfsdcld/1205 [ T1205] [ T1205] CPU: 11 PID: 1205 Comm: nfsdcld Not tainted 5.10.0-00003-g2c1423731b8d #406 [ T1205] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS ?-20190727_073836-buildvm-ppc64le-16.ppc.fedoraproject.org-3.fc31 04/01/2014 [ T1205] Call Trace: [ T1205] dump_stack+0x9a/0xd0 [ T1205] ? nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260 [ T1205] __kasan_report.cold+0x34/0x84 [ T1205] ? nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260 [ T1205] kasan_report+0x3a/0x50 [ T1205] nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260 [ T1205] ? nfsd4_release_lockowner+0x410/0x410 [ T1205] cld_pipe_downcall+0x5ca/0x760 [ T1205] ? nfsd4_cld_tracking_exit+0x1d0/0x1d0 [ T1205] ? down_write_killable_nested+0x170/0x170 [ T1205] ? avc_policy_seqno+0x28/0x40 [ T1205] ? selinux_file_permission+0x1b4/0x1e0 [ T1205] rpc_pipe_write+0x84/0xb0 [ T1205] vfs_write+0x143/0x520 [ T1205] ksys_write+0xc9/0x170 [ T1205] ? __ia32_sys_read+0x50/0x50 [ T1205] ? ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64+0xfe/0x110 [ T1205] ? ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64+0xa2/0x110 [ T1205] do_syscall_64+0x33/0x40 [ T1205] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0xd1 [ T1205] RIP: 0033:0x7fdbdb761bc7 [ T1205] Code: 0f 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb b7 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 514 [ T1205] RSP: 002b:00007fff8c4b7248 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 [ T1205] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000000000000042b RCX: 00007fdbdb761bc7 [ T1205] RDX: 000000000000042b RSI: 00007fff8c4b75f0 RDI: 0000000000000008 [ T1205] RBP: 00007fdbdb761bb0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001 [ T1205] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000000000000042b [ T1205] R13: 0000000000000008 R14: 00007fff8c4b75f0 R15: 0000000000000000 [ T1205] ================================================================== Fix it by checking namelen.
network
low complexity
linux CWE-476
6.5
2024-10-21 CVE-2024-47693 Incomplete Cleanup vulnerability in Linux Kernel
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: IB/core: Fix ib_cache_setup_one error flow cleanup When ib_cache_update return an error, we exit ib_cache_setup_one instantly with no proper cleanup, even though before this we had already successfully done gid_table_setup_one, that results in the kernel WARN below. Do proper cleanup using gid_table_cleanup_one before returning the err in order to fix the issue. WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 922 at drivers/infiniband/core/cache.c:806 gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 Modules linked in: CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 922 Comm: c_repro Not tainted 6.11.0-rc1+ #3 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 Code: 44 8b 38 75 0c e8 2f cb 34 ff 4d 8b b5 28 05 00 00 e8 23 cb 34 ff 44 89 f9 89 da 4c 89 f6 48 c7 c7 d0 58 14 83 e8 4f de 21 ff <0f> 0b 4c 8b 75 30 e9 54 ff ff ff 48 8 3 c4 10 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d 41 RSP: 0018:ffffc90002b835b0 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff811c8527 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff811c8534 RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: ffff8881011b3d00 R08: ffff88810b3abe00 R09: 205d303839303631 R10: 666572207972746e R11: 72746e6520444947 R12: 0000000000000001 R13: ffff888106390000 R14: ffff8881011f2110 R15: 0000000000000001 FS: 00007fecc3b70800(0000) GS:ffff88813bd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000020000340 CR3: 000000010435a001 CR4: 00000000003706b0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> ? show_regs+0x94/0xa0 ? __warn+0x9e/0x1c0 ? gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 ? report_bug+0x1f9/0x340 ? gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 ? handle_bug+0xa2/0x110 ? exc_invalid_op+0x31/0xa0 ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 ? __warn_printk+0xc7/0x180 ? __warn_printk+0xd4/0x180 ? gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 ib_device_release+0x71/0xe0 ? __pfx_ib_device_release+0x10/0x10 device_release+0x44/0xd0 kobject_put+0x135/0x3d0 put_device+0x20/0x30 rxe_net_add+0x7d/0xa0 rxe_newlink+0xd7/0x190 nldev_newlink+0x1b0/0x2a0 ? __pfx_nldev_newlink+0x10/0x10 rdma_nl_rcv_msg+0x1ad/0x2e0 rdma_nl_rcv_skb.constprop.0+0x176/0x210 netlink_unicast+0x2de/0x400 netlink_sendmsg+0x306/0x660 __sock_sendmsg+0x110/0x120 ____sys_sendmsg+0x30e/0x390 ___sys_sendmsg+0x9b/0xf0 ? kstrtouint+0x6e/0xa0 ? kstrtouint_from_user+0x7c/0xb0 ? get_pid_task+0xb0/0xd0 ? proc_fail_nth_write+0x5b/0x140 ? __fget_light+0x9a/0x200 ? preempt_count_add+0x47/0xa0 __sys_sendmsg+0x61/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x50/0x110 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
network
low complexity
linux CWE-459
6.5