Vulnerabilities > CVE-2023-48795 - Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value vulnerability in multiple products
Summary
The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in [email protected] and (if CBC is used) the [email protected] MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Padding Oracle Crypto Attack An attacker is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an attacker is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an attacker is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key. Any cryptosystem can be vulnerable to padding oracle attacks if the encrypted messages are not authenticated to ensure their validity prior to decryption, and then the information about padding error is leaked to the attacker. This attack technique may be used, for instance, to break CAPTCHA systems or decrypt/modify state information stored in client side objects (e.g., hidden fields or cookies). This attack technique is a side-channel attack on the cryptosystem that uses a data leak from an improperly implemented decryption routine to completely subvert the cryptosystem. The one bit of information that tells the attacker whether a padding error during decryption has occurred, in whatever form it comes, is sufficient for the attacker to break the cryptosystem. That bit of information can come in a form of an explicit error message about a padding error, a returned blank page, or even the server taking longer to respond (a timing attack). This attack can be launched cross domain where an attacker is able to use cross-domain information leaks to get the bits of information from the padding oracle from a target system / service with which the victim is communicating. To do so an attacker sends a request containing ciphertext to the target system. Due to the browser's same origin policy, the attacker is not able to see the response directly, but can use cross-domain information leak techniques to still get the information needed (i.e., information on whether or not a padding error has occurred). For instance, this can be done using "img" tag plus the onerror()/onload() events. The attacker's JavaScript can make web browsers to load an image on the target site, and know if the image is loaded or not. This is 1-bit information needed for the padding oracle attack to work: if the image is loaded, then it is valid padding, otherwise it is not.
- Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
Related news
References
- http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html
- http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/21
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/21
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/06/3
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/06/3
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/17/8
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/17/8
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795
- https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/
- https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/
- https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280
- https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210
- https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950
- https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950
- https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions
- https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions
- https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php
- https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php
- https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack
- https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack
- https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6
- https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8
- https://github.com/apache/mina-sshd/issues/445
- https://github.com/apache/mina-sshd/issues/445
- https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab
- https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab
- https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22
- https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22
- https://github.com/cyd01/KiTTY/issues/520
- https://github.com/cyd01/KiTTY/issues/520
- https://github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6
- https://github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1
- https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d
- https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d
- https://github.com/hierynomus/sshj/issues/916
- https://github.com/hierynomus/sshj/issues/916
- https://github.com/janmojzis/tinyssh/issues/81
- https://github.com/janmojzis/tinyssh/issues/81
- https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5
- https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5
- https://github.com/libssh2/libssh2/pull/1291
- https://github.com/libssh2/libssh2/pull/1291
- https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25
- https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25
- https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3
- https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3
- https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15
- https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15
- https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/issues/457
- https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/issues/457
- https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/pull/461
- https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/pull/461
- https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16
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- https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/275249
- https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/275249
- https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master
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- https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/issues/2337
- https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/issues/2337
- https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/issues/2189
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- https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/tag/v9.5.0.0p1-Beta
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- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES
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- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES
- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES
- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES
- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES
- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/issues/456
- https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/issues/456
- https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases
- https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases
- https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst
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- https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags
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- https://github.com/ssh-mitm/ssh-mitm/issues/165
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- https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0
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- https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1
- https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1
- https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2
- https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2
- https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags
- https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags
- https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ
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- https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg
- https://help.panic.com/releasenotes/transmit5/
- https://help.panic.com/releasenotes/transmit5/
- https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/
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- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00013.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00013.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00014.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00014.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00016.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00016.html
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3JIMLVBDWOP4FUPXPTB4PGHHIOMGFLQE/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3JIMLVBDWOP4FUPXPTB4PGHHIOMGFLQE/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YQLUQWLIHDB5QCXQEX7HXHAWMOKPP5O/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YQLUQWLIHDB5QCXQEX7HXHAWMOKPP5O/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6Y74KVCPEPT4MVU3LHDWCNNOXOE5ZLUR/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6Y74KVCPEPT4MVU3LHDWCNNOXOE5ZLUR/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/APYIXIQOVDCRWLHTGB4VYMAUIAQLKYJ3/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/APYIXIQOVDCRWLHTGB4VYMAUIAQLKYJ3/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CHHITS4PUOZAKFIUBQAQZC7JWXMOYE4B/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CHHITS4PUOZAKFIUBQAQZC7JWXMOYE4B/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F7EYCFQCTSGJXWO3ZZ44MGKFC5HA7G3Y/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F7EYCFQCTSGJXWO3ZZ44MGKFC5HA7G3Y/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HYEDEXIKFKTUJIN43RG4B7T5ZS6MHUSP/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HYEDEXIKFKTUJIN43RG4B7T5ZS6MHUSP/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/I724O3LSRCPO4WNVIXTZCT4VVRMXMMSG/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/I724O3LSRCPO4WNVIXTZCT4VVRMXMMSG/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KEOTKBUPZXHE3F352JBYNTSNRXYLWD6P/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KEOTKBUPZXHE3F352JBYNTSNRXYLWD6P/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L5Y6MNNVAPIJSXJERQ6PKZVCIUXSNJK7/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L5Y6MNNVAPIJSXJERQ6PKZVCIUXSNJK7/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MKQRBF3DWMWPH36LBCOBUTSIZRTPEZXB/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MKQRBF3DWMWPH36LBCOBUTSIZRTPEZXB/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/
- https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/
- https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES
- https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES
- https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC
- https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38732005
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38732005
- https://nova.app/releases/#v11.8
- https://nova.app/releases/#v11.8
- https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog
- https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog
- https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2024-0002
- https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2024-0002
- https://roumenpetrov.info/secsh/#news20231220
- https://roumenpetrov.info/secsh/#news20231220
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-16
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-16
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17
- https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2
- https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214084
- https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214084
- https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/
- https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/
- https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005
- https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005
- https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795
- https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795
- https://winscp.net/eng/docs/history#6.2.2
- https://winscp.net/eng/docs/history#6.2.2
- https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-version-history#933
- https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-version-history#933
- https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history
- https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history
- https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html
- https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html
- https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update
- https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5588
- https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5588
- https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc
- https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc
- https://www.lancom-systems.de/service-support/allgemeine-sicherheitshinweise#c243508
- https://www.lancom-systems.de/service-support/allgemeine-sicherheitshinweise#c243508
- https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/
- https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/
- https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html
- https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html
- https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6
- https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3
- https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html
- https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html
- https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/
- https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/
- https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/
- https://www.terrapin-attack.com
- https://www.terrapin-attack.com
- https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/20/terrapin_attack_ssh
- https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/20/terrapin_attack_ssh
- https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/history.txt
- https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/history.txt