Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-4447 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Apple products

047910
CVSS 7.8 - HIGH
Attack vector
LOCAL
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
HIGH
Integrity impact
HIGH
Availability impact
HIGH
local
low complexity
apple
CWE-119
nessus
NVD
Published: 2019-04-03
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, macOS Mojave 10.14.2, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
OS
Apple
438

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
  • Overflow Buffers
    Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an attacker. As a consequence, an attacker is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the attackers' choice.
  • Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service.
  • Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
  • MIME Conversion
    An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

Nessus

  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOSX_SECUPD_10_13_6_2018-003.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running macOS 10.13.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - AMD - Disk Images - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - WindowServer
    last seen2020-03-18
    modified2018-12-21
    plugin id119842
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119842
    titlemacOS 10.13.6 Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-003)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119842);
  script_version("1.7");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/13");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-4421",
    "CVE-2018-4427",
    "CVE-2018-4431",
    "CVE-2018-4435",
    "CVE-2018-4447",
    "CVE-2018-4449",
    "CVE-2018-4450",
    "CVE-2018-4462",
    "CVE-2018-4465"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(106760);
  script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2");

  script_name(english:"macOS 10.13.6 Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-003)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks for the presence of Security Update 2018-003 (APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2).");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS security update that fixes
multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running macOS 10.13.6 and is missing a security
update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities
affecting the following components :

  - AMD
  - Disk Images
  - IOHIDFamily
  - Kernel
  - WindowServer");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209341");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Dec/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9fcc92ca");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Install Security Update 2018-003 or later for 10.13.6.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms");

  exit(0);
}

include('lists.inc');
include('vcf.inc');
include('vcf_extras_apple.inc');

app_info = vcf::apple::macos::get_app_info();

constraints = [
  { 'min_version' : '10.13', 'max_version' : '10.13.6', 'fixed_build': '17G4015', 'fixed_display' : '10.13.6 Security Update 2018-003' }
];
vcf::apple::macos::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);
  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOSX_SECUPD2018-006.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - AMD - Disk Images - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - WindowServer
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119840
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119840
    titlemacOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-006)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119840);
  script_version("1.5");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/31 15:18:51");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-4421",
    "CVE-2018-4427",
    "CVE-2018-4435",
    "CVE-2018-4447",
    "CVE-2018-4449",
    "CVE-2018-4450",
    "CVE-2018-4462",
    "CVE-2018-4465"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(106760);
  script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2");

  script_name(english:"macOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-006)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks for the presence of Security Update 2018-006.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS or Mac OS X security update that
fixes multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security
update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities
affecting the following components :

  - AMD
  - Disk Images
  - IOHIDFamily
  - Kernel
  - WindowServer");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209341");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Dec/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9fcc92ca");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Install Security Update 2018-006 or later for 10.12.x.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

# Compare 2 patch numbers to determine if patch requirements are satisfied.
# Return true if this patch or a later patch is applied
# Return false otherwise
function check_patch(year, number)
{
  local_var p_split = split(patch, sep:"-");
  local_var p_year  = int( p_split[0]);
  local_var p_num   = int( p_split[1]);

  if (year >  p_year) return TRUE;
  else if (year <  p_year) return FALSE;
  else if (number >=  p_num) return TRUE;
  else return FALSE;
}

get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/local_checks_enabled");
os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/Version");

if (!preg(pattern:"Mac OS X 10\.12\.6([^0-9]|$)", string:os))
  audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X 10.12.6");

patch = "2018-006";

packages = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/packages/boms", exit_code:1);
sec_boms_report = pgrep(
  pattern:"^com\.apple\.pkg\.update\.(security\.|os\.SecUpd).*bom$",
  string:packages
);
sec_boms = split(sec_boms_report, sep:'\n');

foreach package (sec_boms)
{
  # Grab patch year and number
  matches = pregmatch(pattern:"[^0-9](20[0-9][0-9])[-.]([0-9]{3})[^0-9]", string:package);
  if (empty_or_null(matches)) continue;
  if (empty_or_null(matches[1]) || empty_or_null(matches[2]))
    continue;

  patch_found = check_patch(year:int(matches[1]), number:int(matches[2]));
  if (patch_found) exit(0, "The host has Security Update " + patch + " or later installed and is therefore not affected.");
}

report =  '\n  Missing security update : ' + patch;
report += '\n  Installed security BOMs : ';
if (sec_boms_report) report += str_replace(find:'\n', replace:'\n                            ', string:sec_boms_report);
else report += 'n/a';
report += '\n';

security_report_v4(port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra:report);
  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOS_10_14_2.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running a version of macOS / Mac OS X that is 10.14.x prior to 10.14.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities related to the following components : - Airport - AMD - Carbon Core - Disk Images - Intel Graphics Driver - Kernel - WindowServer Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can result in arbitrary code execution.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119841
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119841
    titlemacOS 10.14.x < 10.14.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119841);
  script_version("1.4");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/31 15:18:51");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-4303",
    "CVE-2018-4431",
    "CVE-2018-4434",
    "CVE-2018-4435",
    "CVE-2018-4447",
    "CVE-2018-4449",
    "CVE-2018-4450",
    "CVE-2018-4460",
    "CVE-2018-4461",
    "CVE-2018-4462",
    "CVE-2018-4463",
    "CVE-2018-4465"
  );
  script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2");

  script_name(english:"macOS 10.14.x < 10.14.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Mac OS X / macOS.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS update that fixes multiple security
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running a version of macOS / Mac OS X that is
10.14.x prior to 10.14.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple
vulnerabilities related to the following components :

  - Airport
  - AMD
  - Carbon Core
  - Disk Images
  - Intel Graphics Driver
  - Kernel
  - WindowServer

Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can
result in arbitrary code execution.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209341");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Dec/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9fcc92ca");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to macOS version 10.14.2 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
  script_require_ports("Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/OS");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");


fix = "10.14.2";
minver = "10.14";

os = get_kb_item("Host/MacOSX/Version");
if (!os)
{
  os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/OS");
  if ("Mac OS X" >!< os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X");

  c = get_kb_item("Host/OS/Confidence");
  if (c <= 70) exit(1, "Can't determine the host's OS with sufficient confidence.");
}
if (!os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X");

matches = pregmatch(pattern:"Mac OS X ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)+)", string:os);
if (empty_or_null(matches)) exit(1, "Failed to parse the macOS / Mac OS X version ('" + os + "').");

version = matches[1];

if (ver_compare(ver:version, minver:minver, fix:fix, strict:FALSE) == -1)
{
  security_report_v4(
    port:0,
    severity:SECURITY_HOLE,
    extra:
      '\n  Installed version : ' + version +
      '\n  Fixed version     : ' + fix +
      '\n'
  );
}
else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, "macOS / Mac OS X", version);
  • NASL familyMisc.
    NASL idAPPLETV_12_1_1.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its banner, the version of Apple TV on the remote device is prior to 12.1.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as described in the HT209342 security advisory: - Multiple elevation of privilege vulnerabilities exist due to improper memory handling. An application can exploit this to gain elevated privileges. (CVE-2018-4303, CVE-2018-4435) - Multiple unspecified command execution vulnerabilities exist that allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands, sometimes with kernel privileges. (CVE-2018-4427, CVE-2018-4437, CVE-2018-4438, CVE-2018-4447, CVE-2018-4461, CVE-2018-4464, CVE-2018-4441, CVE-2018-4442, CVE-2018-4443) - An unspecified denial of service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the Kernel that allows an an attacker in a privileged position to perform a denial of service attack. (CVE-2018-4460) Additionally, the version of Apple TV is also affected by several additional vulnerabilities including cross-site scripting (XSS) and an information disclosure vulnerability. Note that only 4th generation devices are affected by these vulnerabilities.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119839
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119839
    titleApple TV < 12.1.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119839);
  script_version("1.4");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/31 15:18:51");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-4303",
    "CVE-2018-4431",
    "CVE-2018-4435",
    "CVE-2018-4436",
    "CVE-2018-4437",
    "CVE-2018-4438",
    "CVE-2018-4441",
    "CVE-2018-4442",
    "CVE-2018-4443",
    "CVE-2018-4447",
    "CVE-2018-4460",
    "CVE-2018-4461",
    "CVE-2018-4464",
    "CVE-2018-4465"
  );
  script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-3");

  script_name(english:"Apple TV < 12.1.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the build number.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote Apple TV device is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its banner, the version of Apple TV on the remote device
is prior to 12.1.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple
vulnerabilities as described in the HT209342 security advisory:

  - Multiple elevation of privilege vulnerabilities exist due to
    improper memory handling. An application can exploit this to gain
    elevated privileges. (CVE-2018-4303, CVE-2018-4435)

  - Multiple unspecified command execution vulnerabilities exist that
    allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands, sometimes with
    kernel privileges. (CVE-2018-4427, CVE-2018-4437, CVE-2018-4438,
    CVE-2018-4447, CVE-2018-4461, CVE-2018-4464, CVE-2018-4441,
    CVE-2018-4442, CVE-2018-4443)

  - An unspecified denial of service (DoS) vulnerability exists in
    the Kernel that allows an an attacker in a privileged position to
    perform a denial of service attack. (CVE-2018-4460)

Additionally, the version of Apple TV is also affected by several
additional vulnerabilities including cross-site scripting (XSS) and
an information disclosure vulnerability.

Note that only 4th generation devices are affected by these
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209342");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apple TV version 12.1.1 or later. Note that this update is
only available for 4th and 5th generation models.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/07");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apple:apple_tv");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("appletv_version.nasl");
  script_require_keys("AppleTV/Version", "AppleTV/Model", "AppleTV/URL", "AppleTV/Port");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 7000);

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("appletv_func.inc");

url = get_kb_item('AppleTV/URL');
if (empty_or_null(url)) exit(0, 'Cannot determine Apple TV URL.');
port = get_kb_item('AppleTV/Port');
if (empty_or_null(port)) exit(0, 'Cannot determine Apple TV port.');

build = get_kb_item('AppleTV/Version');
if (empty_or_null(build)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_DEVICE_VER, 'Apple TV');

model = get_kb_item('AppleTV/Model');
if (empty_or_null(model)) exit(0, 'Cannot determine Apple TV model.');

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TvOS
# 4th gen model "5,3" and 5th gen model "6,2" share same build
fixed_build = "16K45";
tvos_ver = '12.1.1';

# determine gen from the model
gen = APPLETV_MODEL_GEN[model];

appletv_check_version(
  build          : build,
  fix            : fixed_build,
  affected_gen   : 4,
  fix_tvos_ver   : tvos_ver,
  model          : model,
  gen            : gen,
  port           : port,
  url            : url,
  severity       : SECURITY_HOLE
);

References