Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-4421 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Apple mac OS X

047910
CVSS 7.8 - HIGH
Attack vector
LOCAL
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
HIGH
Integrity impact
HIGH
Availability impact
HIGH
local
low complexity
apple
CWE-119
nessus
NVD
Published: 2019-04-03
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to macOS Mojave 10.14.1.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
OS
Apple
155

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
  • Overflow Buffers
    Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an attacker. As a consequence, an attacker is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the attackers' choice.
  • Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service.
  • Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
  • MIME Conversion
    An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

Nessus

  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOSX_SECUPD_10_13_6_2018-003.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running macOS 10.13.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - AMD - Disk Images - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - WindowServer
    last seen2020-03-18
    modified2018-12-21
    plugin id119842
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119842
    titlemacOS 10.13.6 Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-003)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119842);
  script_version("1.7");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/13");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-4421",
    "CVE-2018-4427",
    "CVE-2018-4431",
    "CVE-2018-4435",
    "CVE-2018-4447",
    "CVE-2018-4449",
    "CVE-2018-4450",
    "CVE-2018-4462",
    "CVE-2018-4465"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(106760);
  script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2");

  script_name(english:"macOS 10.13.6 Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-003)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks for the presence of Security Update 2018-003 (APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2).");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS security update that fixes
multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running macOS 10.13.6 and is missing a security
update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities
affecting the following components :

  - AMD
  - Disk Images
  - IOHIDFamily
  - Kernel
  - WindowServer");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209341");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Dec/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9fcc92ca");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Install Security Update 2018-003 or later for 10.13.6.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms");

  exit(0);
}

include('lists.inc');
include('vcf.inc');
include('vcf_extras_apple.inc');

app_info = vcf::apple::macos::get_app_info();

constraints = [
  { 'min_version' : '10.13', 'max_version' : '10.13.6', 'fixed_build': '17G4015', 'fixed_display' : '10.13.6 Security Update 2018-003' }
];
vcf::apple::macos::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);
  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOSX_SECUPD2018-006.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - AMD - Disk Images - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - WindowServer
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119840
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119840
    titlemacOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-006)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119840);
  script_version("1.5");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/31 15:18:51");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-4421",
    "CVE-2018-4427",
    "CVE-2018-4435",
    "CVE-2018-4447",
    "CVE-2018-4449",
    "CVE-2018-4450",
    "CVE-2018-4462",
    "CVE-2018-4465"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(106760);
  script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2");

  script_name(english:"macOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-006)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks for the presence of Security Update 2018-006.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS or Mac OS X security update that
fixes multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security
update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities
affecting the following components :

  - AMD
  - Disk Images
  - IOHIDFamily
  - Kernel
  - WindowServer");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209341");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Dec/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9fcc92ca");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Install Security Update 2018-006 or later for 10.12.x.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

# Compare 2 patch numbers to determine if patch requirements are satisfied.
# Return true if this patch or a later patch is applied
# Return false otherwise
function check_patch(year, number)
{
  local_var p_split = split(patch, sep:"-");
  local_var p_year  = int( p_split[0]);
  local_var p_num   = int( p_split[1]);

  if (year >  p_year) return TRUE;
  else if (year <  p_year) return FALSE;
  else if (number >=  p_num) return TRUE;
  else return FALSE;
}

get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/local_checks_enabled");
os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/Version");

if (!preg(pattern:"Mac OS X 10\.12\.6([^0-9]|$)", string:os))
  audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X 10.12.6");

patch = "2018-006";

packages = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/packages/boms", exit_code:1);
sec_boms_report = pgrep(
  pattern:"^com\.apple\.pkg\.update\.(security\.|os\.SecUpd).*bom$",
  string:packages
);
sec_boms = split(sec_boms_report, sep:'\n');

foreach package (sec_boms)
{
  # Grab patch year and number
  matches = pregmatch(pattern:"[^0-9](20[0-9][0-9])[-.]([0-9]{3})[^0-9]", string:package);
  if (empty_or_null(matches)) continue;
  if (empty_or_null(matches[1]) || empty_or_null(matches[2]))
    continue;

  patch_found = check_patch(year:int(matches[1]), number:int(matches[2]));
  if (patch_found) exit(0, "The host has Security Update " + patch + " or later installed and is therefore not affected.");
}

report =  '\n  Missing security update : ' + patch;
report += '\n  Installed security BOMs : ';
if (sec_boms_report) report += str_replace(find:'\n', replace:'\n                            ', string:sec_boms_report);
else report += 'n/a';
report += '\n';

security_report_v4(port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra:report);

Talos

idTALOS-2018-0615
last seen2019-05-29
published2019-01-08
reporterTalos Intelligence
sourcehttp://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0615
titleApple IntelHD5000 Graphics Process Token Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

References