Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-4409 - Resource Exhaustion vulnerability in Apple products
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
NONE Integrity impact
NONE Availability impact
HIGH Summary
A resource exhaustion issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Windows 7.8.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- XML Ping of the Death An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
- XML Entity Expansion An attacker submits an XML document to a target application where the XML document uses nested entity expansion to produce an excessively large output XML. XML allows the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
- Inducing Account Lockout An attacker leverages the security functionality of the system aimed at thwarting potential attacks to launch a denial of service attack against a legitimate system user. Many systems, for instance, implement a password throttling mechanism that locks an account after a certain number of incorrect log in attempts. An attacker can leverage this throttling mechanism to lock a legitimate user out of their own account. The weakness that is being leveraged by an attacker is the very security feature that has been put in place to counteract attacks.
- Violating Implicit Assumptions Regarding XML Content (aka XML Denial of Service (XDoS)) XML Denial of Service (XDoS) can be applied to any technology that utilizes XML data. This is, of course, most distributed systems technology including Java, .Net, databases, and so on. XDoS is most closely associated with web services, SOAP, and Rest, because remote service requesters can post malicious XML payloads to the service provider designed to exhaust the service provider's memory, CPU, and/or disk space. The main weakness in XDoS is that the service provider generally must inspect, parse, and validate the XML messages to determine routing, workflow, security considerations, and so on. It is exactly these inspection, parsing, and validation routines that XDoS targets. There are three primary attack vectors that XDoS can navigate Target CPU through recursion: attacker creates a recursive payload and sends to service provider Target memory through jumbo payloads: service provider uses DOM to parse XML. DOM creates in memory representation of XML document, but when document is very large (for example, north of 1 Gb) service provider host may exhaust memory trying to build memory objects. XML Ping of death: attack service provider with numerous small files that clog the system. All of the above attacks exploit the loosely coupled nature of web services, where the service provider has little to no control over the service requester and any messages the service requester sends.
Nessus
NASL family Peer-To-Peer File Sharing NASL id ITUNES_12_9_1_BANNER.NASL description The version of Apple iTunes installed on the remote Windows host is prior to 12.9.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the HT209197 advisory. Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 118717 published 2018-11-02 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/118717 title Apple iTunes < 12.9.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (uncredentialed check) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(118717); script_version("1.5"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/01"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2018-4372", "CVE-2018-4373", "CVE-2018-4374", "CVE-2018-4375", "CVE-2018-4376", "CVE-2018-4377", "CVE-2018-4378", "CVE-2018-4382", "CVE-2018-4386", "CVE-2018-4392", "CVE-2018-4394", "CVE-2018-4398", "CVE-2018-4409", "CVE-2018-4416" ); script_name(english:"Apple iTunes < 12.9.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (uncredentialed check)"); script_summary(english:"Checks the version of iTunes on Windows."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "An application installed on the remote host is affected by multiple vulnerabilities."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The version of Apple iTunes installed on the remote Windows host is prior to 12.9.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the HT209197 advisory. Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-ie/HT209197"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to Apple iTunes version 12.9.1 or later."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4416"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/10/30"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/10/30"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/11/02"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apple:itunes"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"Peer-To-Peer File Sharing"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("itunes_sharing.nasl"); script_require_keys("iTunes/sharing"); script_require_ports("Services/www", 3689); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); include("http.inc"); port = get_http_port(default:3689, embedded:TRUE, ignore_broken:TRUE); get_kb_item_or_exit("iTunes/" + port + "/enabled"); type = get_kb_item_or_exit("iTunes/" + port + "/type"); source = get_kb_item_or_exit("iTunes/" + port + "/source"); version = get_kb_item_or_exit("iTunes/" + port + "/version"); if (type != 'Windows') audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Windows"); fixed_version = "12.9.1"; if (ver_compare(ver:version, fix:fixed_version, strict:FALSE) < 0) { report = '\n Version source : ' + source + '\n Installed version : ' + version + '\n Fixed version : ' + fixed_version + '\n'; security_report_v4(port:port, extra:report, severity:SECURITY_WARNING); } else audit(AUDIT_LISTEN_NOT_VULN, "iTunes", port, version);
NASL family Misc. NASL id APPLETV_12_1.NASL description According to its banner, the version of Apple TV on the remote device is prior to 12.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as described in the HT209194 security advisory. Note that only 4th generation devices are affected by these vulnerabilities. last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 118712 published 2018-11-02 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/118712 title Apple TV < 12.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities NASL family Windows NASL id ITUNES_12_9_1.NASL description The version of Apple iTunes installed on the remote Windows host is prior to 12.9.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the HT209197 advisory. Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 118718 published 2018-11-02 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/118718 title Apple iTunes < 12.9.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities (credentialed check) NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOSX_SAFARI12_0_1.NASL description The version of Apple Safari installed on the remote macOS or Mac OS X host is prior to 12.0.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities. last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 118571 published 2018-10-31 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/118571 title macOS : Apple Safari < 12.0.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities