Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-4086 - Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Apple products

047910
CVSS 5.9 - MEDIUM
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
HIGH
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
NONE
Integrity impact
HIGH
Availability impact
NONE
network
high complexity
apple
CWE-295
nessus
NVD
Published: 2018-04-03
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.2.5 is affected. macOS before 10.13.3 is affected. tvOS before 11.2.5 is affected. watchOS before 4.2.2 is affected. The issue involves the "Security" component. It allows remote attackers to spoof certificate validation via crafted name constraints.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
OS
Apple
328
Application
Apple
55

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Creating a Rogue Certificate Authority Certificate
    An attacker exploits a weakness in the MD5 hash algorithm (weak collision resistance) to generate a certificate signing request (CSR) that contains collision blocks in the "to be signed" part. The attacker specially crafts two different, but valid X.509 certificates that when hashed with the MD5 algorithm would yield the same value. The attacker then sends the CSR for one of the certificates to the Certification Authority which uses the MD5 hashing algorithm. That request is completely valid and the Certificate Authority issues an X.509 certificate to the attacker which is signed with its private key. An attacker then takes that signed blob and inserts it into another X.509 certificate that the attacker generated. Due to the MD5 collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the attackers' second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority. To make the attack more interesting, the second certificate could be not just a regular certificate, but rather itself a signing certificate. Thus the attacker is able to start their own Certification Authority that is anchored in its root of trust in the legitimate Certification Authority that has signed the attackers' first X.509 certificate. If the original Certificate Authority was accepted by default by browsers, so will now the Certificate Authority set up by the attacker and of course any certificates that it signs. So the attacker is now able to generate any SSL certificates to impersonate any web server, and the user's browser will not issue any warning to the victim. This can be used to compromise HTTPS communications and other types of systems where PKI and X.509 certificates may be used (e.g., VPN, IPSec) .

Nessus

  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOS_10_13_3.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running a version of Mac OS X that is 10.13.x prior to 10.13.3. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities in the following components : - Audio - curl - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - LinkPresentation - QuartzCore - Sandbox - Security - WebKit - Wi-Fi Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can result in arbitrary code execution.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id106296
    published2018-01-24
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/106296
    titlemacOS 10.13.x < 10.13.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(106296);
  script_version("1.10");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/06/19 15:17:43");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2017-13889",
    "CVE-2017-5705",
    "CVE-2017-5708",
    "CVE-2017-7830",
    "CVE-2017-8816",
    "CVE-2017-8817",
    "CVE-2018-4082",
    "CVE-2018-4083",
    "CVE-2018-4084",
    "CVE-2018-4085",
    "CVE-2018-4086",
    "CVE-2018-4088",
    "CVE-2018-4089",
    "CVE-2018-4090",
    "CVE-2018-4091",
    "CVE-2018-4092",
    "CVE-2018-4093",
    "CVE-2018-4094",
    "CVE-2018-4096",
    "CVE-2018-4097",
    "CVE-2018-4098",
    "CVE-2018-4100",
    "CVE-2018-4147",
    "CVE-2018-4169",
    "CVE-2018-4189"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    101832,
    101917,
    101921,
    101998,
    102057,
    102772,
    102775,
    102778,
    102782,
    102785,
    103330
  );
  script_name(english:"macOS 10.13.x < 10.13.3 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Mac OS X / macOS.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS update that fixes multiple security
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running a version of Mac OS X that is 10.13.x
prior to 10.13.3. It is, therefore, affected by multiple
vulnerabilities in the following components :

  - Audio
  - curl
  - IOHIDFamily
  - Kernel
  - LinkPresentation
  - QuartzCore
  - Sandbox
  - Security
  - WebKit
  - Wi-Fi

Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can
result in arbitrary code execution.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208465");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Jan/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?19644313");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to macOS version 10.13.3 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4189");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/01/24");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
  script_require_ports("Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/OS");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

os = get_kb_item("Host/MacOSX/Version");
if (!os)
{
  os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/OS");
  if ("Mac OS X" >!< os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X");

  c = get_kb_item("Host/OS/Confidence");
  if (c <= 70) exit(1, "Can't determine the host's OS with sufficient confidence.");
}
if (!os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X");

matches = pregmatch(pattern:"Mac OS X ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)+)", string:os);
if (empty_or_null(matches)) exit(1, "Failed to parse the macOS / Mac OS X version ('" + os + "').");

version = matches[1];
fixed_version = "10.13.3";

if (version !~"^10\.13($|[^0-9])")
  audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS 10.13.x");

if (ver_compare(ver:version, fix:'10.13.3', strict:FALSE) == -1)
{
  security_report_v4(
    port:0,
    severity:SECURITY_HOLE,
    extra:
      '\n  Installed version : ' + version +
      '\n  Fixed version     : ' + fixed_version +
      '\n'
  );
}
else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, "macOS / Mac OS X", version);
  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOSX_SECUPD2018-001.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running Mac OS X 10.11.6 or Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities affecting the following components : - Audio - curl - IOHIDFamily - Kernel - LinkPresentation - QuartzCore - Sandbox - Security - WebKit - Wi-Fi
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id106297
    published2018-01-24
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/106297
    titlemacOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-001) (Meltdown)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(106297);
  script_version("1.10");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/06/19 15:17:43");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2017-5705",
    "CVE-2017-5708",
    "CVE-2017-5754",
    "CVE-2018-4083",
    "CVE-2018-4084",
    "CVE-2018-4085",
    "CVE-2018-4086",
    "CVE-2018-4094",
    "CVE-2018-4097",
    "CVE-2018-4098",
    "CVE-2018-4100",
    "CVE-2018-4189",
    "CVE-2018-4298"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    101917,
    101921,
    102378,
    102772,
    102782,
    102785,
    103330
  );
  script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2018-A-0019");

  script_name(english:"macOS and Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2018-001) (Meltdown)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks for the presence of Security Update 2017-002 / 2017-005.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is missing a macOS or Mac OS X security update that
fixes multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.11.6 or Mac OS X 10.12.6 and is
missing a security update. It is therefore, affected by multiple
vulnerabilities affecting the following components :

  - Audio
  - curl
  - IOHIDFamily
  - Kernel
  - LinkPresentation
  - QuartzCore
  - Sandbox
  - Security
  - WebKit
  - Wi-Fi");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208465");
  # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Jan/msg00001.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?19644313");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Install Security Update 2018-001 or later for 10.11.x or
Security Update 2018-001 or later for 10.12.x.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4189");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_malware", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/01/23");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/01/24");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"stig_severity", value:"I");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

# Compare 2 patch numbers to determine if patch requirements are satisfied.
# Return true if this patch or a later patch is applied
# Return false otherwise
function check_patch(year, number)
{
  local_var p_split = split(patch, sep:"-");
  local_var p_year  = int( p_split[0]);
  local_var p_num   = int( p_split[1]);

  if (year >  p_year) return TRUE;
  else if (year <  p_year) return FALSE;
  else if (number >=  p_num) return TRUE;
  else return FALSE;
}

get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/local_checks_enabled");
os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/Version");

if (!preg(pattern:"Mac OS X 10\.(11\.6|12\.6)([^0-9]|$)", string:os))
  audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X 10.11.6 or Mac OS X 10.12.6");

if ("10.11.6" >< os)
  patch = "2018-001";
else
  patch = "2018-001";

packages = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/packages/boms", exit_code:1);
sec_boms_report = pgrep(
  pattern:"^com\.apple\.pkg\.update\.(security\.|os\.SecUpd).*bom$",
  string:packages
);
sec_boms = split(sec_boms_report, sep:'\n');

foreach package (sec_boms)
{
  # Grab patch year and number
  matches = pregmatch(pattern:"[^0-9](20[0-9][0-9])[-.]([0-9]{3})[^0-9]", string:package);
  if (empty_or_null(matches)) continue;
  if (empty_or_null(matches[1]) || empty_or_null(matches[2]))
    continue;

  patch_found = check_patch(year:int(matches[1]), number:int(matches[2]));
  if (patch_found) exit(0, "The host has Security Update " + patch + " or later installed and is therefore not affected.");
}

report =  '\n  Missing security update : ' + patch;
report += '\n  Installed security BOMs : ';
if (sec_boms_report) report += str_replace(find:'\n', replace:'\n                            ', string:sec_boms_report);
else report += 'n/a';
report += '\n';

security_report_v4(port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra:report);

References