Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-20149 - Cross-site Scripting vulnerability in multiple products

047910
CVSS 5.4 - MEDIUM
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
LOW
Confidentiality impact
LOW
Integrity impact
LOW
Availability impact
NONE
network
low complexity
wordpress
debian
CWE-79
nessus
NVD
Published: 2018-12-14
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

In WordPress before 4.9.9 and 5.x before 5.0.1, when the Apache HTTP Server is used, authors could upload crafted files that bypass intended MIME type restrictions, leading to XSS, as demonstrated by a .jpg file without JPEG data.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Wordpress
822
OS
Debian
2

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Cross Site Scripting through Log Files
    An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
  • Embedding Scripts in Non-Script Elements
    This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an attacker to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote attacker to collect and interpret the output of said attack.
  • Embedding Scripts within Scripts
    An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts. The attacker leverages this capability to execute scripts to execute his/her own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute. The attacker must have the ability to inject script into script that is likely to be executed. If this is done, then the attacker can potentially launch a variety of probes and attacks against the web server's local environment, in many cases the so-called DMZ, back end resources the web server can communicate with, and other hosts. With the proliferation of intermediaries, such as Web App Firewalls, network devices, and even printers having JVMs and Web servers, there are many locales where an attacker can inject malicious scripts. Since this attack pattern defines scripts within scripts, there are likely privileges to execute said attack on the host. Of course, these attacks are not solely limited to the server side, client side scripts like Ajax and client side JavaScript can contain malicious scripts as well. In general all that is required is for there to be sufficient privileges to execute a script, but not protected against writing.
  • Cross-Site Scripting in Error Pages
    An attacker distributes a link (or possibly some other query structure) with a request to a third party web server that is malformed and also contains a block of exploit code in order to have the exploit become live code in the resulting error page. When the third party web server receives the crafted request and notes the error it then creates an error message that echoes the malformed message, including the exploit. Doing this converts the exploit portion of the message into to valid language elements that are executed by the viewing browser. When a victim executes the query provided by the attacker the infected error message error message is returned including the exploit code which then runs in the victim's browser. XSS can result in execution of code as well as data leakage (e.g. session cookies can be sent to the attacker). This type of attack is especially dangerous since the exploit appears to come from the third party web server, who the victim may trust and hence be more vulnerable to deception.
  • Cross-Site Scripting Using Alternate Syntax
    The attacker uses alternate forms of keywords or commands that result in the same action as the primary form but which may not be caught by filters. For example, many keywords are processed in a case insensitive manner. If the site's web filtering algorithm does not convert all tags into a consistent case before the comparison with forbidden keywords it is possible to bypass filters (e.g., incomplete black lists) by using an alternate case structure. For example, the "script" tag using the alternate forms of "Script" or "ScRiPt" may bypass filters where "script" is the only form tested. Other variants using different syntax representations are also possible as well as using pollution meta-characters or entities that are eventually ignored by the rendering engine. The attack can result in the execution of otherwise prohibited functionality.

Nessus

  • NASL familyCGI abuses
    NASL idWORDPRESS_5_0_1.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its self-reported version number, the WordPress application running on the remote web server is prior to 4.9.9, or 5.x prior to 5.0.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities, including cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities due to improper validation of user-supplied input before returning it to users.
    last seen2020-04-30
    modified2018-12-13
    plugin id119615
    published2018-12-13
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119615
    titleWordPress < 4.9.9 / 5.x < 5.0.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(119615);
  script_version("1.6");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/04/27");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-20147",
    "CVE-2018-20148",
    "CVE-2018-20149",
    "CVE-2018-20150",
    "CVE-2018-20151",
    "CVE-2018-20152",
    "CVE-2018-20153"
  );

  script_name(english:"WordPress < 4.9.9 / 5.x < 5.0.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of WordPress.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A PHP application running on the remote web server is affected by
multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its self-reported version number, the WordPress
application running on the remote web server is prior to 4.9.9, or
5.x prior to 5.0.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple
vulnerabilities, including cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities
due to improper validation of user-supplied input before returning
it to users.");
  # https://wordpress.org/news/2018/12/wordpress-5-0-1-security-release/
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?b90fd4fc");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to WordPress version 4.9.9 or 5.0.1 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-20148");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/13");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/13");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/13");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:wordpress:wordpress");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("wordpress_detect.nasl");
  script_require_keys("www/PHP", "installed_sw/WordPress", "Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 80, 443);

  exit(0);
}

include("vcf.inc");
include("http.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

app = "WordPress";
port = get_http_port(default:80, php:TRUE);

app_info = vcf::get_app_info(app:app, port:port, webapp:TRUE);
vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:2);

# Per https://wordpress.org/download/release-archive/
# only 5.x is currently supported :
# "None of these are safe to use, except the latest in the 5.0 series, which is actively maintained."
constraints = [
  { "fixed_version":"3.7.28", "fixed_display" : "3.7.28 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"3.8", "fixed_version":"3.8.28", "fixed_display" : "3.8.28 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"3.9", "fixed_version":"3.9.26", "fixed_display" : "3.9.26 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.0", "fixed_version":"4.0.25", "fixed_display" : "4.0.25 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.1", "fixed_version":"4.1.25", "fixed_display" : "4.1.25 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.2", "fixed_version":"4.2.22", "fixed_display" : "4.2.22 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.3", "fixed_version":"4.3.18", "fixed_display" : "4.3.18 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.4", "fixed_version":"4.4.17", "fixed_display" : "4.4.17 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.5", "fixed_version":"4.5.16", "fixed_display" : "4.5.16 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.6", "fixed_version":"4.6.13", "fixed_display" : "4.6.13 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.7", "fixed_version":"4.7.12", "fixed_display" : "4.7.12 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.8", "fixed_version":"4.8.8", "fixed_display" : "4.8.8 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"4.9", "fixed_version":"4.9.9", "fixed_display" : "4.9.9 / 5.0.1" },
  { "min_version":"5.0", "fixed_version":"5.0.1", "fixed_display" : "5.0.1" }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(
  app_info:app_info,
  constraints:constraints,
  severity:SECURITY_HOLE,
  flags:{xss:TRUE}
);
  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DSA-4401.NASL
    descriptionSeveral vulnerabilities were discovered in Wordpress, a web blogging tool. They allowed remote attackers to perform various Cross-Side Scripting (XSS) and PHP injections attacks, delete files, leak potentially sensitive data, create posts of unauthorized types, or cause denial-of-service by application crash.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id122551
    published2019-03-04
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/122551
    titleDebian DSA-4401-1 : wordpress - security update
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#
# The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were  
# extracted from Debian Security Advisory DSA-4401. The text 
# itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(122551);
  script_version("1.4");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/04/10 16:10:16");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2018-20147", "CVE-2018-20148", "CVE-2018-20149", "CVE-2018-20150", "CVE-2018-20151", "CVE-2018-20152", "CVE-2018-20153", "CVE-2019-8942");
  script_xref(name:"DSA", value:"4401");

  script_name(english:"Debian DSA-4401-1 : wordpress - security update");
  script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated package");

  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"synopsis", 
    value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security-related update."
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"description", 
    value:
"Several vulnerabilities were discovered in Wordpress, a web blogging
tool. They allowed remote attackers to perform various Cross-Side
Scripting (XSS) and PHP injections attacks, delete files, leak
potentially sensitive data, create posts of unauthorized types, or
cause denial-of-service by application crash."
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"see_also",
    value:"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=916403"
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"see_also",
    value:"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/wordpress"
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"see_also",
    value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/stretch/wordpress"
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"see_also",
    value:"https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4401"
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"solution", 
    value:
"Upgrade the wordpress packages.

For the stable distribution (stretch), these problems have been fixed
in version 4.7.5+dfsg-2+deb9u5."
  );
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'WordPress Crop-image Shell Upload');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:wordpress");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:9.0");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/03/01");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2019/03/04");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
  script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l");

  exit(0);
}


include("audit.inc");
include("debian_package.inc");


if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian");
if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);


flag = 0;
if (deb_check(release:"9.0", prefix:"wordpress", reference:"4.7.5+dfsg-2+deb9u5")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"9.0", prefix:"wordpress-l10n", reference:"4.7.5+dfsg-2+deb9u5")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"9.0", prefix:"wordpress-theme-twentyfifteen", reference:"4.7.5+dfsg-2+deb9u5")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"9.0", prefix:"wordpress-theme-twentyseventeen", reference:"4.7.5+dfsg-2+deb9u5")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"9.0", prefix:"wordpress-theme-twentysixteen", reference:"4.7.5+dfsg-2+deb9u5")) flag++;

if (flag)
{
  if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:deb_report_get());
  else security_hole(0);
  exit(0);
}
else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");
  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DLA-1673.NASL
    descriptionCVE-2018-20147 Authors could modify metadata to bypass intended restrictions on deleting files. CVE-2018-20148 Contributors could conduct PHP object injection attacks via crafted metadata in a wp.getMediaItem XMLRPC call. This is caused by mishandling of serialized data at phar:// URLs in the wp_get_attachment_thumb_file function in wp-includes/post.php. CVE-2018-20149 When the Apache HTTP Server is used, authors could upload crafted files that bypass intended MIME type restrictions, leading to XSS, as demonstrated by a .jpg file without JPEG data. CVE-2018-20150 Crafted URLs could trigger XSS for certain use cases involving plugins. CVE-2018-20151 The user-activation page could be read by a search engine
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id122100
    published2019-02-12
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/122100
    titleDebian DLA-1673-1 : wordpress security update
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#
# The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were
# extracted from Debian Security Advisory DLA-1673-1. The text
# itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(122100);
  script_version("1.2");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2020/02/13");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2018-20147", "CVE-2018-20148", "CVE-2018-20149", "CVE-2018-20150", "CVE-2018-20151", "CVE-2018-20152", "CVE-2018-20153");

  script_name(english:"Debian DLA-1673-1 : wordpress security update");
  script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated packages.");

  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"synopsis", 
    value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security update."
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"description", 
    value:
"CVE-2018-20147

Authors could modify metadata to bypass intended restrictions on
deleting files.

CVE-2018-20148 Contributors could conduct PHP object injection attacks
via crafted metadata in a wp.getMediaItem XMLRPC call. This is caused
by mishandling of serialized data at phar:// URLs in the
wp_get_attachment_thumb_file function in wp-includes/post.php.

CVE-2018-20149

When the Apache HTTP Server is used, authors could upload crafted
files that bypass intended MIME type restrictions, leading to XSS, as
demonstrated by a .jpg file without JPEG data.

CVE-2018-20150

Crafted URLs could trigger XSS for certain use cases involving
plugins.

CVE-2018-20151

The user-activation page could be read by a search engine's web
crawler if an unusual configuration were chosen. The search engine
could then index and display a user's e-mail address and (rarely) the
password that was generated by default.

CVE-2018-20152

Authors could bypass intended restrictions on post types via crafted
input.

CVE-2018-20153

Contributors could modify new comments made by users with greater
privileges, possibly causing XSS.

For Debian 8 'Jessie', these problems have been fixed in version
4.1.25+dfsg-1+deb8u1.

We recommend that you upgrade your wordpress packages.

NOTE: Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description
block directly from the DLA security advisory. Tenable has attempted
to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without
introducing additional issues."
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"see_also",
    value:"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/02/msg00019.html"
  );
  script_set_attribute(
    attribute:"see_also",
    value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/jessie/wordpress"
  );
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:"Upgrade the affected packages.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:wordpress");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:wordpress-l10n");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:wordpress-theme-twentyfifteen");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:wordpress-theme-twentyfourteen");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:wordpress-theme-twentythirteen");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:8.0");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/02/11");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2019/02/12");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
  script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l");

  exit(0);
}


include("audit.inc");
include("debian_package.inc");


if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian");
if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);


flag = 0;
if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"wordpress", reference:"4.1.25+dfsg-1+deb8u1")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"wordpress-l10n", reference:"4.1.25+dfsg-1+deb8u1")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"wordpress-theme-twentyfifteen", reference:"4.1.25+dfsg-1+deb8u1")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"wordpress-theme-twentyfourteen", reference:"4.1.25+dfsg-1+deb8u1")) flag++;
if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"wordpress-theme-twentythirteen", reference:"4.1.25+dfsg-1+deb8u1")) flag++;

if (flag)
{
  if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:deb_report_get());
  else security_hole(0);
  exit(0);
}
else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");

References