Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-19860 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource vulnerability in multiple products
Attack vector
ADJACENT_NETWORK Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
HIGH Integrity impact
HIGH Availability impact
HIGH Summary
Broadcom firmware before summer 2014 on Nexus 5 BCM4335C0 2012-12-11, Raspberry Pi 3 BCM43438A1 2014-06-02, and unspecifed other devices does not properly restrict LMP commnds and executes certain memory contents upon receiving an LMP command, as demonstrated by executing an HCI command.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by the authorization framework, whose job it is to map ACLs to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application or can run queries for data that he is otherwise not supposed to.
- Privilege Abuse An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources. If access control mechanisms are absent or misconfigured, a user may be able to access resources that are intended only for higher level users. An adversary may be able to exploit this to utilize a less trusted account to gain information and perform activities reserved for more trusted accounts. This attack differs from privilege escalation and other privilege stealing attacks in that the adversary never actually escalates their privileges but instead is able to use a lesser degree of privilege to access resources that should be (but are not) reserved for higher privilege accounts. Likewise, the adversary does not exploit trust or subvert systems - all control functionality is working as configured but the configuration does not adequately protect sensitive resources at an appropriate level.
- Directory Indexing An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
- Accessing, Modifying or Executing Executable Files An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an attacker to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an attacker to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
- Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack. Most commonly, attackers would take advantage of controls that provided too little protection for sensitive activities in order to perform actions that should be denied to them. In some circumstances, an attacker may be able to take advantage of overly restrictive access control policies, initiating denial of services (if an application locks because it unexpectedly failed to be granted access) or causing other legitimate actions to fail due to security. The latter class of attacks, however, is usually less severe and easier to detect than attacks based on inadequate security restrictions. This attack pattern differs from CAPEC 1, "Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs" in that the latter describes attacks where sensitive functionality lacks access controls, where, in this pattern, the access control is present, but incorrectly configured.
Nessus
NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOS_10_14_6.NASL description The remote host is running a version of macOS / Mac OS X that is 10.14.x prior to 10.14.6. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - An application may be able to read restricted memory (CVE-2019-8691, CVE-2019-8692, CVE-2019-8693) - Extracting a zip file containing a symbolic link to an endpoint in an NFS mount that is attacker controlled may bypass Gatekeeper (CVE-2019-8656) - A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8648, CVE-2018-19860, CVE-2019-8661) - A remote attacker may be able to leak memory (CVE-2019-8646, CVE-2019-8663) - A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8641, CVE-2019-8660) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges (CVE-2019-8695, CVE-2019-8697) - An issue existed in Samba that may allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions by intercepting communications between services (CVE-2018-16860) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges (CVE-2019-8694) - A remote attacker may be able to view sensitive information (CVE-2019-13118) - An attacker may be able to trigger a use-after-free in an application deserializing an untrusted NSDictionary (CVE-2019-8662) - Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing (CVE-2019-8670) - The encryption status of a Time Machine backup may be incorrect (CVE-2019-8667) - Parsing a maliciously crafted office document may lead to an unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8657) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting (CVE-2019-8690, CVE-2019-8649, CVE-2019-8658) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8644, CVE-2019-8666, CVE-2019-8669, CVE-2019-8671, CVE-2019-8672, CVE-2019-8673, CVE-2019-8676, CVE-2019-8677, CVE-2019-8678, CVE-2019-8679, CVE-2019-8680, CVE-2019-8681, CVE-2019-8683, CVE-2019-8684, CVE-2019-8685, CVE-2019-8686, CVE-2019-8687, CVE-2019-8688, CVE-2019-8689) Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the operating system last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 127054 published 2019-07-26 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/127054 title macOS 10.14.x < 10.14.6 Multiple Vulnerabilities code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include('compat.inc'); if (description) { script_id(127054); script_version("1.5"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2020/01/03"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2018-16860", "CVE-2018-19860", "CVE-2019-8641", "CVE-2019-8644", "CVE-2019-8646", "CVE-2019-8648", "CVE-2019-8649", "CVE-2019-8656", "CVE-2019-8657", "CVE-2019-8658", "CVE-2019-8660", "CVE-2019-8661", "CVE-2019-8662", "CVE-2019-8663", "CVE-2019-8666", "CVE-2019-8667", "CVE-2019-8669", "CVE-2019-8670", "CVE-2019-8671", "CVE-2019-8672", "CVE-2019-8673", "CVE-2019-8676", "CVE-2019-8677", "CVE-2019-8678", "CVE-2019-8679", "CVE-2019-8680", "CVE-2019-8681", "CVE-2019-8683", "CVE-2019-8684", "CVE-2019-8685", "CVE-2019-8686", "CVE-2019-8687", "CVE-2019-8688", "CVE-2019-8689", "CVE-2019-8690", "CVE-2019-8691", "CVE-2019-8692", "CVE-2019-8693", "CVE-2019-8694", "CVE-2019-8695", "CVE-2019-8697", "CVE-2019-13118" ); script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"HT210348"); script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2019-07-17"); script_name(english:"macOS 10.14.x < 10.14.6 Multiple Vulnerabilities"); script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Mac OS X / macOS."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote host is missing a macOS update that fixes multiple vulnerabilities"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The remote host is running a version of macOS / Mac OS X that is 10.14.x prior to 10.14.6. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - An application may be able to read restricted memory (CVE-2019-8691, CVE-2019-8692, CVE-2019-8693) - Extracting a zip file containing a symbolic link to an endpoint in an NFS mount that is attacker controlled may bypass Gatekeeper (CVE-2019-8656) - A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8648, CVE-2018-19860, CVE-2019-8661) - A remote attacker may be able to leak memory (CVE-2019-8646, CVE-2019-8663) - A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8641, CVE-2019-8660) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges (CVE-2019-8695, CVE-2019-8697) - An issue existed in Samba that may allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions by intercepting communications between services (CVE-2018-16860) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges (CVE-2019-8694) - A remote attacker may be able to view sensitive information (CVE-2019-13118) - An attacker may be able to trigger a use-after-free in an application deserializing an untrusted NSDictionary (CVE-2019-8662) - Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing (CVE-2019-8670) - The encryption status of a Time Machine backup may be incorrect (CVE-2019-8667) - Parsing a maliciously crafted office document may lead to an unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8657) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting (CVE-2019-8690, CVE-2019-8649, CVE-2019-8658) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8644, CVE-2019-8666, CVE-2019-8669, CVE-2019-8671, CVE-2019-8672, CVE-2019-8673, CVE-2019-8676, CVE-2019-8677, CVE-2019-8678, CVE-2019-8679, CVE-2019-8680, CVE-2019-8681, CVE-2019-8683, CVE-2019-8684, CVE-2019-8685, CVE-2019-8686, CVE-2019-8687, CVE-2019-8688, CVE-2019-8689) Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the operating system's self-reported version number."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210348"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to macOS version 10.14.6 or later"); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2019-8695"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2019/06/07"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/07/17"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2019/07/26"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl"); script_require_ports("Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/OS"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); fix = "10.14.6"; minver = "10.14"; os = get_kb_item("Host/MacOSX/Version"); if (!os) { os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/OS"); if ("Mac OS X" >!< os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X"); c = get_kb_item("Host/OS/Confidence"); if (c <= 70) exit(1, "Can't determine the host's OS with sufficient confidence."); } if (!os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X"); matches = pregmatch(pattern:"Mac OS X ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)+)", string:os); if (empty_or_null(matches)) exit(1, "Failed to parse the macOS / Mac OS X version ('" + os + "')."); version = matches[1]; if (ver_compare(ver:version, minver:minver, fix:fix, strict:FALSE) == -1) { security_report_v4( port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra: '\n Installed version : ' + version + '\n Fixed version : ' + fix + '\n' ); } else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, "macOS / Mac OS X", version);
NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOSX_SECUPD2019-004.NASL description The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.12.6 or Mac OS X 10.13.6 and is missing a security update. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - An application may be able to read restricted memory (CVE-2019-8691, CVE-2019-8692, CVE-2019-8693) - Extracting a zip file containing a symbolic link to an endpoint in an NFS mount that is attacker controlled may bypass Gatekeeper (CVE-2019-8656) - A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8648, CVE-2018-19860, CVE-2019-8661) - A remote attacker may be able to leak memory (CVE-2019-8646, CVE-2019-8663) - A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution ( CVE-2019-8641, CVE-2019-8660) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges (CVE-2019-8695, CVE-2019-8697) - An issue existed in Samba that may allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions by intercepting communications between services (CVE-2018-16860) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges (CVE-2019-8694) - A remote attacker may be able to view sensitive information (CVE-2019-13118) - An attacker may be able to trigger a use-after-free in an application deserializing an untrusted NSDictionary (CVE-2019-8662) - Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing (CVE-2019-8670) - The encryption status of a Time Machine backup may be incorrect (CVE-2019-8667) - Parsing a maliciously crafted office document may lead to an unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8657) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting (CVE-2019-8649, CVE-2019-8658, CVE-2019-8690) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8644, CVE-2019-8666, CVE-2019-8669, CVE-2019-8671, CVE-2019-8672, CVE-2019-8673, CVE-2019-8676, CVE-2019-8677, CVE-2019-8678, CVE-2019-8679, CVE-2019-8680, CVE-2019-8681, CVE-2019-8683, CVE-2019-8684, CVE-2019-8685, CVE-2019-8686, CVE-2019-8687, CVE-2019-8688, CVE-2019-8689) Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the operating system last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 127055 published 2019-07-26 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/127055 title macOS Sierra / High Sierra Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2019-004) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include('compat.inc'); if (description) { script_id(127055); script_version("1.6"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2020/01/03"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2018-16860", "CVE-2018-19860", "CVE-2019-8641", "CVE-2019-8644", "CVE-2019-8646", "CVE-2019-8648", "CVE-2019-8649", "CVE-2019-8656", "CVE-2019-8657", "CVE-2019-8658", "CVE-2019-8660", "CVE-2019-8661", "CVE-2019-8662", "CVE-2019-8663", "CVE-2019-8666", "CVE-2019-8667", "CVE-2019-8669", "CVE-2019-8670", "CVE-2019-8671", "CVE-2019-8672", "CVE-2019-8673", "CVE-2019-8676", "CVE-2019-8677", "CVE-2019-8678", "CVE-2019-8679", "CVE-2019-8680", "CVE-2019-8681", "CVE-2019-8683", "CVE-2019-8684", "CVE-2019-8685", "CVE-2019-8686", "CVE-2019-8687", "CVE-2019-8688", "CVE-2019-8689", "CVE-2019-8690", "CVE-2019-8691", "CVE-2019-8692", "CVE-2019-8693", "CVE-2019-8694", "CVE-2019-8695", "CVE-2019-8697", "CVE-2019-13118" ); script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"HT210348"); script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2019-07-17"); script_name(english:"macOS Sierra / High Sierra Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2019-004)"); script_summary(english:"Checks the presence of Security Update 2019-004."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote host is missing a macOS or Mac OS X security update that fixes multiple vulnerabilities"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The remote host is running Mac OS X 10.12.6 or Mac OS X 10.13.6 and is missing a security update. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - An application may be able to read restricted memory (CVE-2019-8691, CVE-2019-8692, CVE-2019-8693) - Extracting a zip file containing a symbolic link to an endpoint in an NFS mount that is attacker controlled may bypass Gatekeeper (CVE-2019-8656) - A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8648, CVE-2018-19860, CVE-2019-8661) - A remote attacker may be able to leak memory (CVE-2019-8646, CVE-2019-8663) - A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution ( CVE-2019-8641, CVE-2019-8660) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges (CVE-2019-8695, CVE-2019-8697) - An issue existed in Samba that may allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions by intercepting communications between services (CVE-2018-16860) - An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges (CVE-2019-8694) - A remote attacker may be able to view sensitive information (CVE-2019-13118) - An attacker may be able to trigger a use-after-free in an application deserializing an untrusted NSDictionary (CVE-2019-8662) - Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing (CVE-2019-8670) - The encryption status of a Time Machine backup may be incorrect (CVE-2019-8667) - Parsing a maliciously crafted office document may lead to an unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8657) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting (CVE-2019-8649, CVE-2019-8658, CVE-2019-8690) - Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2019-8644, CVE-2019-8666, CVE-2019-8669, CVE-2019-8671, CVE-2019-8672, CVE-2019-8673, CVE-2019-8676, CVE-2019-8677, CVE-2019-8678, CVE-2019-8679, CVE-2019-8680, CVE-2019-8681, CVE-2019-8683, CVE-2019-8684, CVE-2019-8685, CVE-2019-8686, CVE-2019-8687, CVE-2019-8688, CVE-2019-8689) Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the operating system's self-reported version number."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210348"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Install Security Update 2019-004 or later for 10.12.x or 10.13.x."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2019-8695"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2019/06/07"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/07/17"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2019/07/26"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_ports("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/MacOSX/packages/boms"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); # Compare 2 patch numbers to determine if patch requirements are satisfied. # Return true if this patch or a later patch is applied # Return false otherwise function check_patch(year, number) { local_var p_split = split(patch, sep:"-"); local_var p_year = int( p_split[0]); local_var p_num = int( p_split[1]); if (year > p_year) return TRUE; else if (year < p_year) return FALSE; else if (number >= p_num) return TRUE; else return FALSE; } get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/local_checks_enabled"); os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/MacOSX/Version"); if (!preg(pattern:"Mac OS X 10\.1[2-3]\.", string:os)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X 10.12.x / 10.13.x"); patch = '2019-004'; packages = get_kb_item_or_exit('Host/MacOSX/packages/boms', exit_code:1); sec_boms_report = pgrep( pattern:"^com\.apple\.pkg\.update\.(security\.|os\.SecUpd).*bom$", string:packages ); sec_boms = split(sec_boms_report, sep:'\n'); foreach package (sec_boms) { # Grab patch year and number matches = pregmatch(pattern:"[^0-9](20[0-9][0-9])[-.]([0-9]{3})[^0-9]", string:package); if (empty_or_null(matches)) continue; if (empty_or_null(matches[1]) || empty_or_null(matches[2])) continue; patch_found = check_patch(year:int(matches[1]), number:int(matches[2])); if (patch_found) exit(0, 'The host has Security Update ' + patch + ' or later installed and is therefore not affected.'); } report = '\n Missing security update : ' + patch; report += '\n Installed security BOMs : '; if (sec_boms_report) report += str_replace(find:'\n', replace:'\n ', string:sec_boms_report); else report += 'n/a'; report += '\n'; security_report_v4(port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra:report);