Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-0228 - Improper Locking vulnerability in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software

047910
CVSS 8.6 - HIGH
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
NONE
Integrity impact
NONE
Availability impact
HIGH
network
low complexity
cisco
CWE-667
nessus
NVD
Published: 2018-04-19
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

A vulnerability in the ingress flow creation functionality of Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the CPU to increase upwards of 100% utilization, causing a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected system. The vulnerability is due to incorrect handling of an internal software lock that could prevent other system processes from getting CPU cycles, causing a high CPU condition. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a steady stream of malicious IP packets that can cause connections to be created on the targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust CPU resources, resulting in a DoS condition during which traffic through the device could be delayed. This vulnerability applies to either IPv4 or IPv6 ingress traffic. This vulnerability affects Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) and Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software that is running on the following Cisco products: 3000 Series Industrial Security Appliances (ISA), ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances, ASA 5500-X Series Next-Generation Firewalls, ASA Services Module for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers, Adaptive Security Virtual Appliances (ASAv), Firepower 2100 Series Security Appliances, Firepower 4110 Security Appliances, Firepower 9300 ASA Security Modules. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvf63718.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Cisco
231
OS
Cisco
40

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Leveraging Race Conditions
    This attack targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The attacker can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance a race condition can occur while accessing a file, the attacker can trick the system by replacing the original file with his version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
  • Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
    This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to her. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file she will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

Nessus

  • NASL familyCISCO
    NASL idCISCO-SA-20180418-ASA1.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its self-reported version the Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) software running on the remote device is affected by multiple vulnerabilities. Please see the included Cisco BIDs and Cisco Security Advisories for more information.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id109404
    published2018-04-27
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/109404
    titleCisco ASA Multiple Vulnerabilities (cisco-sa-20180418-asa1 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa2 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa3 / cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect / cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(109404);
  script_version("1.7");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2020/01/17");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-0227",
    "CVE-2018-0228",
    "CVE-2018-0229",
    "CVE-2018-0231",
    "CVE-2018-0240"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(103934, 103939);
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvg40155");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvf63718");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve18902");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve34335");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve38446");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvg65072");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvh87448");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve61540");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvh23085");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvh95456");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa1");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa2");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa3");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect");

  script_name(english:"Cisco ASA Multiple Vulnerabilities (cisco-sa-20180418-asa1 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa2 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa3 / cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect / cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the ASA version.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote device is missing a vendor-supplied security patch.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its self-reported version the Cisco Adaptive Security
Appliance (ASA) software running on the remote device is affected by
multiple vulnerabilities. Please see the included Cisco BIDs and Cisco
Security Advisories for more information.");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa1
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?3022fd51");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa2
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?d86bee0f");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa3
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?72e6e924");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?496f5656");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?dcd24031");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvg40155");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvf63718");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve18902");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve34335");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve38446");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvg65072");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvh87448");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve61540");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvh23085");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvh95456");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to the relevant fixed version referenced in Cisco security
advisory cisco-sa-20180418-asa1.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-0227");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/04/18");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/04/27");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/04/27");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:cisco:adaptive_security_appliance_software");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"CISCO");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/Cisco/ASA", "Host/Cisco/ASA/model", "Settings/ParanoidReport");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("cisco_func.inc");
include("cisco_kb_cmd_func.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

asa = get_kb_item_or_exit('Host/Cisco/ASA');
model = get_kb_item_or_exit('Host/Cisco/ASA/model');

version = extract_asa_version(asa);
if (isnull(version)) audit(AUDIT_FN_FAIL, 'extract_asa_version');

if (
  model !~ '^55[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # 5500 & 5500-X
  model !~ '^65[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # 6500
  model !~ '^76[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # 7600
  model !~ '^93[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # Firepower 9300 ASA
  model !~ '^21[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # Firepower 2100 SSA
  model !~ '^411[0-9]($|[^0-9])'     && # Firepower 4110 SA
  model !~ '^30[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # ISA 3000
  model != 'v' # ASAv
) audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "an affected Cisco ASA product");

cbi = 'CSCvg40155, CSCvf63718, CSCve18902, CSCve34335, CSCve38446, CSCvg65072, CSCvh87448, CSCve61540, CSCvh23085, and CSCvh95456';

if (version =~ "^[0-8]\.")
  fixed_ver = "9.1(7.20)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.0[^0-9]")
  fixed_ver = "9.1(7.20)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.1[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.1(7.20)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.1(7.20)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.2[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.2(4.27)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.2(4.27)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.3[^0-9]")
  fixed_ver = "9.4(4.14)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.4[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.4(4.14)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.4(4.14)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.5[^0-9]")
  fixed_ver = "9.6(4.6)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.6[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.6(4.6)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.6(4.6)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.7[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.7(1.24)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.7(1.24)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.8[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.8(2.28)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.8(2.28)";
else if (version =~ "^9\.9[^0-9]" && check_asa_release(version:version, patched:"9.9(2.1)"))
  fixed_ver = "9.9(2.1)";
else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, "Cisco ASA software", version);

security_report_cisco(
    port     : 0,
    severity : SECURITY_WARNING,
    version  : version,
    bug_id   : cbi,
    fix      : fixed_ver
);
  • NASL familyCISCO
    NASL idCISCO-SA-20180418-ASA1-FTD.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its self-reported version the Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) software running on the remote device is affected by multiple vulnerabilities. Please see the included Cisco BIDs and Cisco Security Advisories for more information. Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id133044
    published2020-01-17
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/133044
    titleCisco FTD Multiple Vulnerabilities (cisco-sa-20180418-asa1 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa2 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa3 / cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect / cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect)
    code
    #TRUSTED 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
#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(133044);
  script_version("1.2");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2020/01/17");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2018-0227",
    "CVE-2018-0228",
    "CVE-2018-0229",
    "CVE-2018-0231",
    "CVE-2018-0240"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(103934, 103939);
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvg40155");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvf63718");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve18902");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve34335");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve38446");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvg65072");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvh87448");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCve61540");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvh23085");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-BUG-ID", value:"CSCvh95456");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa1");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa2");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa3");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect");
  script_xref(name:"CISCO-SA", value:"cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect");

  script_name(english:"Cisco FTD Multiple Vulnerabilities (cisco-sa-20180418-asa1 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa2 / cisco-sa-20180418-asa3 / cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect / cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect)");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote device is missing a vendor-supplied security patch.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its self-reported version the Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) software running on the remote device
is affected by multiple vulnerabilities. Please see the included Cisco BIDs and Cisco Security Advisories for more
information.

Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version
number.");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa1
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?3022fd51");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa2
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?d86bee0f");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa3
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?72e6e924");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asaanyconnect
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?496f5656");
  # https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180418-asa_inspect
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?dcd24031");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvg40155");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvf63718");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve18902");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve34335");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve38446");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvg65072");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvh87448");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCve61540");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvh23085");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bst.cloudapps.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCvh95456");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to the relevant fixed version referenced in Cisco security
advisory cisco-sa-20180418-asa1.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-0227");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/04/18");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/04/27");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2020/01/17");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:cisco:firepower");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"CISCO");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl", "cisco_asa_firepower_version.nasl", "cisco_enumerate_firepower.nbin");
  script_require_keys("installed_sw/Cisco Firepower Threat Defense", "Settings/ParanoidReport");

  exit(0);
}

include('vcf.inc');
include('audit.inc');
include('cisco_workarounds.inc');
include('ccf.inc');

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

app = 'Cisco Firepower Threat Defense';

# Based on the advisory, it seems we're looking only for FTD and not FXOS
app_info = vcf::get_app_info(app:app);
product_info = make_array('model' , app_info['Model'], 'version' , app_info['version'], 'name', app);

model = product_info['model'];

if (
  model !~ '^55[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # 5500 & 5500-X
  model !~ '^65[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # 6500
  model !~ '^76[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # 7600
  model !~ '^93[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # Firepower 9300 ASA
  model !~ '^21[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # Firepower 2100 SSA
  model !~ '^411[0-9]($|[^0-9])'     && # Firepower 4110 SA
  model !~ '^30[0-9][0-9]($|[^0-9])' && # ISA 3000
  model != 'v' # FTD v
  )
  audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'an affected Cisco FTD product');

vuln_ranges = [
  {'min_ver' : '6.0',  'fix_ver' : '6.1.0.6'},
  {'min_ver' : '6.2.0',  'fix_ver' : '6.2.0.5'},
  {'min_ver' : '6.2.1',  'fix_ver' : '6.2.2.2'},
  {'min_ver' : '6.2.3',  'fix_ver' : '6.2.3.1'}
];

workarounds = make_list(CISCO_WORKAROUNDS['no_workaround']);
workaround_params = make_list();

cbi = 'CSCvg40155, CSCvf63718, CSCve18902, CSCve34335, CSCve38446, CSCvg65072, CSCvh87448, CSCve61540, CSCvh23085, and CSCvh95456';

reporting = make_array(
  'port'     , 0,
  'severity' , SECURITY_WARNING,
  'version'  , product_info['version'],
  'bug_id'   , cbi
);

cisco::check_and_report(
  product_info:product_info,
  workarounds:workarounds,
  workaround_params:workaround_params,
  reporting:reporting,
  vuln_ranges:vuln_ranges
);

References