Vulnerabilities > CVE-2017-2921 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in Cesanta Mongoose 6.8
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
PARTIAL Integrity impact
PARTIAL Availability impact
PARTIAL Summary
An exploitable memory corruption vulnerability exists in the Websocket protocol implementation of Cesanta Mongoose 6.8. A specially crafted websocket packet can cause an integer overflow, leading to a heap buffer overflow and resulting in denial of service and potential remote code execution. An attacker needs to send a specially crafted websocket packet over network to trigger this vulnerability.
Vulnerable Configurations
| Part | Description | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Application | 1 |
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Forced Integer Overflow This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.
Seebug
| bulletinFamily | exploit |
| description | ### Summary An exploitable memory corruption vulnerability exists in the Websocket protocol implementation of Cesanta Mongoose 6.8. A specially crafted websocket packet can cause an integer overflow resulting leading to heap buffer overflow resulting in denial of service and potential remote code execution. An attacker needs to send a specially crafted websocket packet over network to trigger this vulnerability. ### Tested Versions Cesanta Mongoose 6.8 ### Product URLs https://cesanta.com/ ### CVSSv3 Score 8.1 - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ### CWE CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound ### Details Mongoose is a monolithic library implementing a number of networking protocols, including HTTP, MQTT, MDNS and others. Its HTTP implementation includes upgrade support required for websocket applications. It is designed with embedded devices in mind and as such is used in many IoT devices and runs on virtually all platforms. After the initial websocket handshake and while parsing a websocket packet, an integer overflow involving header length and packet size can occur. Insufficient checks after the potential overflow can later lead to very large memory overwrite which can result in heap memory corruption, process crash and potentially in remote code execution. Function `mg_deliver_websocket_data` is responsible for parsing the websocket packet. Relevant code is: ``` uint64_t i, data_len = 0, frame_len = 0, buf_len = nc->recv_mbuf.len, len, [1] mask_len = 0, header_len = 0; ... if (buf_len >= 2) ... else if (buf_len >= 10 + mask_len) header_len = 10 + mask_len; [2] data_len = (((uint64_t) ntohl(*(uint32_t *) &buf[2])) << 32) + [3] ntohl(*(uint32_t *) &buf[6]); frame_len = header_len + data_len; [4] ok = frame_len > 0 && frame_len <= buf_len; [5] if (ok) ... /* Apply mask if necessary */ if (mask_len > 0) { for (i = 0; i < data_len; i++) buf[i + header_len] ^= (buf + header_len - mask_len)[i % 4]; [6] ``` In the above code, we can see at [1] local variables `frame_len`, `header_len` and `data_len` being declared as 64bit unsigned integers. At [2] header length is calculated since websocket protocol specifies variable length headers. At [3], 8 bytes from the packet are used as `data_len` directly. At [4], total `frame_len` is calculated and at [5] basic sanity checks are performed. If everything is ok, and the packet has mask bit set, at [6] all the data in the buffer is XORed with 4 byte mask. An insufficient check above at [5] can allow for an integer overflow to pass undetected. In case `data_len` is a very large value, adding header_len to it can lead to integer wraparound , resulting in small `frame_len` value. Small `frame_len` value passes `frame_len` <= buf_len check, while data_len is still huge and bigger than the actual buffer size. This results in a large heap overflow at [6] as the for loop is bounded by `data_len` only. This causes the process to crash, leading to denial of service and in some cases potentially to remote code execution. ### Crash Information ``` Address sanitizer output: ==88164==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x619000006380 at pc 0x00000051abae bp 0x7fffffffb490 sp 0x7fffffffb488 READ of size 1 at 0x619000006380 thread T0 #0 0x51abad in mg_deliver_websocket_data /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:8866 #1 0x51abad in ?? ??:0 #2 0x5128d4 in mg_ws_handler /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:9045 (discriminator 1) #3 0x5128d4 in ?? ??:0 #4 0x4f9de6 in mg_call /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:2051 #5 0x4f9de6 in ?? ??:0 #6 0x4fdcf9 in mg_recv_common /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:2502 #7 0x4fdcf9 in ?? ??:0 #8 0x506603 in mg_if_recv_tcp_cb /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:2506 #9 0x506603 in mg_handle_tcp_read /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:3372 #10 0x506603 in mg_mgr_handle_conn /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:3497 #11 0x506603 in ?? ??:0 #12 0x509dd8 in mg_socket_if_poll /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:3690 #13 0x509dd8 in ?? ??:0 #14 0x4fb695 in mg_mgr_poll /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:2232 #15 0x4fb695 in ?? ??:0 #16 0x4ea65a in main /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/websocket_chat.c:78 #17 0x4ea65a in ?? ??:0 #18 0x7ffff6ee582f in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-bfm8X4/glibc-2.23/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:291 #19 0x7ffff6ee582f in ?? ??:0 #20 0x418e58 in _start ??:? #21 0x418e58 in ?? ??:0 0x619000006380 is located 0 bytes to the right of 1024-byte region [0x619000005f80,0x619000006380) allocated by thread T0 here: #0 0x4b8f88 in __interceptor_malloc ??:? #1 0x4b8f88 in ?? ??:0 #2 0x506453 in mg_handle_tcp_read /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:3336 (discriminator 1) #3 0x506453 in mg_mgr_handle_conn /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:3497 (discriminator 1) #4 0x506453 in ?? ??:0 #5 0x509dd8 in mg_socket_if_poll /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:3690 #6 0x509dd8 in ?? ??:0 #7 0x4fb695 in mg_mgr_poll /home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/../../mongoose.c:2232 #8 0x4fb695 in ?? ??:0 #4 0x60200000efef (<unknown module>) SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow (/home/user/mongoose/examples/websocket_chat/websocket_chat+0x51abad) Shadow bytes around the buggy address: 0x0c327fff8c20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0c327fff8c30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0c327fff8c40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0c327fff8c50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0c327fff8c60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 =>0x0c327fff8c70:[fa]fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c327fff8c80: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c327fff8c90: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c327fff8ca0: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c327fff8cb0: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c327fff8cc0: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes): Addressable: 00 Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Heap left redzone: fa Heap right redzone: fb Freed heap region: fd Stack left redzone: f1 Stack mid redzone: f2 Stack right redzone: f3 Stack partial redzone: f4 Stack after return: f5 Stack use after scope: f8 Global redzone: f9 Global init order: f6 Poisoned by user: f7 Container overflow: fc Array cookie: ac Intra object redzone: bb ASan internal: fe Left alloca redzone: ca Right alloca redzone: cb ==88164==ABORTING ``` ### Timeline * 2017-08-30 - Vendor Disclosure * 2017-10-31 - Public Release |
| id | SSV:96808 |
| last seen | 2017-11-19 |
| modified | 2017-11-08 |
| published | 2017-11-08 |
| reporter | Root |
| source | https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-96808 |
| title | Cesanta Mongoose Websocket Protocol Packet Length Code Execution Vulnerability(CVE-2017-2921) |
Talos
| id | TALOS-2017-0428 |
| last seen | 2019-05-29 |
| published | 2017-10-31 |
| reporter | Talos Intelligence |
| source | http://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0428 |
| title | Cesanta Mongoose Websocket Protocol Packet Length Code Execution Vulnerability |