Vulnerabilities > CVE-2017-0019 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Microsoft Word 2016

047910
CVSS 9.3 - CRITICAL
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
MEDIUM
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
COMPLETE
Integrity impact
COMPLETE
Availability impact
COMPLETE
network
microsoft
CWE-119
critical
nessus
NVD
Published: 2017-03-17
Updated: 2017-07-12

Summary

Microsoft Word 2016 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted document, aka "Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability." This vulnerability is different from those described in CVE-2017-0006, CVE-2017-0020, CVE-2017-0030, CVE-2017-0031, CVE-2017-0052, and CVE-2017-0053.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Microsoft
1

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
  • Overflow Buffers
    Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an attacker. As a consequence, an attacker is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the attackers' choice.
  • Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service.
  • Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
  • MIME Conversion
    An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

Msbulletin

bulletin_idMS17-014
bulletin_url
date2017-03-14T00:00:00
impactRemote Code Execution
knowledgebase_id4013241
knowledgebase_url
severityImportant
titleSecurity Update for Microsoft Office

Nessus

NASL familyWindows : Microsoft Bulletins
NASL idSMB_NT_MS17-014.NASL
descriptionThe Microsoft Office application, Office Web Apps, or SharePoint Server installed on the remote Windows host is missing a security update. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple remote code execution vulnerabilities exist in Microsoft Office software due to improper handling of objects in memory. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit these, by convincing a user to open a specially crafted document file, to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. (CVE-2017-0006, CVE-2017-0019, CVE-2017-0020, CVE-2017-0030, CVE-2017-0031, CVE-2017-0052, CVE-2017-0053) - An information disclosure vulnerability exists in Microsoft Office due to improper disclosure of memory contents. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to disclose sensitive system memory information by convincing a user to open a specially crafted document file. (CVE-2017-0027) - A denial of service vulnerability exists in Microsoft Office that allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause Office to stop responding by convincing a user to open a specially crafted document file. (CVE-2017-0029) - An out-of-bounds read error exists in Microsoft Office due to an uninitialized variable. A local attacker can exploit this to disclose memory contents by opening a specially crafted document file. (CVE-2017-0105) - A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Microsoft SharePoint Server due to improper validation of input before returning it to users. An authenticated, remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially crafted request, to execute arbitrary script code in a user
last seen2020-06-01
modified2020-06-02
plugin id97740
published2017-03-15
reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2017-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/97740
titleMS17-014: Security Update for Microsoft Office (4013241)
code
#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(97740);
  script_version("1.9");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/13");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2017-0006",
    "CVE-2017-0019",
    "CVE-2017-0020",
    "CVE-2017-0027",
    "CVE-2017-0029",
    "CVE-2017-0030",
    "CVE-2017-0031",
    "CVE-2017-0052",
    "CVE-2017-0053",
    "CVE-2017-0105",
    "CVE-2017-0107"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    96042,
    96043,
    96045,
    96050,
    96051,
    96052,
    96740,
    96741,
    96745,
    96746,
    96748,
    96752
  );
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS17-014");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3172431");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3172457");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3172464");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3172540");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3172542");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178673");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178674");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178676");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178677");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178678");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178680");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178682");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178683");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178684");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178685");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178686");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178687");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178689");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178690");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3178694");
  script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2017-A-0060");

  script_name(english:"MS17-014: Security Update for Microsoft Office (4013241)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the file versions.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"An application installed on the remote host is affected by multiple
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The Microsoft Office application, Office Web Apps, or SharePoint
Server installed on the remote Windows host is missing a security
update. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities :

  - Multiple remote code execution vulnerabilities exist
    in Microsoft Office software due to improper handling of
    objects in memory. An unauthenticated, remote attacker
    can exploit these, by convincing a user to open a
    specially crafted document file, to execute arbitrary
    code in the context of the current user. (CVE-2017-0006,
    CVE-2017-0019, CVE-2017-0020, CVE-2017-0030,
    CVE-2017-0031, CVE-2017-0052, CVE-2017-0053)

  - An information disclosure vulnerability exists in
    Microsoft Office due to improper disclosure of memory
    contents. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can
    exploit this to disclose sensitive system memory
    information by convincing a user to open a specially
    crafted document file. (CVE-2017-0027)

  - A denial of service vulnerability exists in Microsoft
    Office that allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker
    to cause Office to stop responding by convincing a user
    to open a specially crafted document file.
    (CVE-2017-0029)

  - An out-of-bounds read error exists in Microsoft Office
    due to an uninitialized variable. A local attacker can
    exploit this to disclose memory contents by opening a
    specially crafted document file. (CVE-2017-0105)

  - A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in
    Microsoft SharePoint Server due to improper validation
    of input before returning it to users. An authenticated,
    remote attacker can exploit this, via a specially
    crafted request, to execute arbitrary script code in a
    user's browser session. (CVE-2017-0107)");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/MS17-014");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Microsoft has released a set of patches for Microsoft Office 2007,
2010, 2013, and 2016; Microsoft Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016;
Microsoft Word 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016; Microsoft Office
Compatibility Pack; Microsoft Excel Viewer; Microsoft Word Viewer;
Microsoft SharePoint Server 2007, 2010, and 2013; Microsoft SharePoint
Foundation 2013; and Microsoft Office Web Apps Server 2010 and 2013.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2017-0053");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2017/03/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2017/03/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2017/03/15");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:office");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:excel");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:excel_viewer");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:word");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:word_viewer");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:office_compatibility_pack");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:office_web_apps");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:sharepoint_server");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:sharepoint_foundation");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"stig_severity", value:"II");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Windows : Microsoft Bulletins");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2017-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("office_installed.nasl", "microsoft_sharepoint_installed.nbin", "microsoft_owa_installed.nbin", "microsoft_office_compatibility_pack_installed.nbin", "microsoft_excel_viewer_installed.nbin", "microsoft_word_viewer_installed.nbin", "smb_hotfixes.nasl", "ms_bulletin_checks_possible.nasl");
  script_require_keys("SMB/MS_Bulletin_Checks/Possible");
  script_require_ports(139, 445, "Host/patch_management_checks");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("smb_func.inc");
include("smb_hotfixes.inc");
include("smb_hotfixes_fcheck.inc");
include("smb_reg_query.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");
include("install_func.inc");

global_var bulletin, vuln;

get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/MS_Bulletin_Checks/Possible");

bulletin = 'MS17-014';
kbs = make_list(
  '3172431', # Excel Services on SharePoint Server 2013 SP1
  '3172457', # Office Web Apps Server 2013 SP1
  '3172464', # Word 2013 SP1
  '3172540', # SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1
  '3172542', # Excel 2013 SP1
  '3178673', # Excel 2016
  '3178674', # Word 2016
  '3178676', # Excel 2007 SP3
  '3178677', # Office Compatibility Pack SP3
  '3178678', # Excel Services on SharePoint Server 2007 SP3
  '3178680', # Excel Viewer
  '3178682', # Office Compatibility Pack SP3
  '3178683', # Word 2007 SP3
  '3178684', # Word Automation Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2
  '3178685', # Excel Services on SharePoint Server 2010 SP2
  '3178686', # Office 2010 SP2
  '3178687', # Word 2010 SP2
  '3178689', # Office Web Apps 2010 SP2
  '3178690', # Excel 2010 SP2
  '3178694'  # Word Viewer
);

if (get_kb_item("Host/patch_management_checks")) hotfix_check_3rd_party(bulletin:bulletin, kbs:kbs, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);

get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/Registry/Enumerated", exit_code:1);

# Get path information for Windows.
windir = hotfix_get_systemroot();
if (isnull(windir)) exit(1, "Failed to determine the location of %windir%.");

registry_init();

vuln = FALSE;

######################################################################
# Office 2010
######################################################################
function perform_office_checks()
{
  local_var office_vers, office_sp, path, prod;
  office_vers = hotfix_check_office_version();

  ######################################################################
  # Office 2010 Checks
  # wwlibcxm.dll only exists if KB2428677 is installed
  ######################################################################
  if (office_vers["14.0"])
  {
    office_sp = get_kb_item("SMB/Office/2010/SP");
    if (!isnull(office_sp) && office_sp == 2)
    {
      prod = "Microsoft Office 2010 SP2";
      path = hotfix_get_officeprogramfilesdir(officever:"14.0");
      if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"wwlibcxm.dll", version:"14.0.7179.5000", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3178686", product:prod) == HCF_OLDER)
        vuln = TRUE;
    }
  }
}

######################################################################
# Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016
######################################################################
function perform_excel_checks()
{
  local_var excel_checks, kb16;

  kb16 = "3178673";
  excel_checks = make_array(
    "12.0", make_array("sp", 3, "version", "12.0.6765.5000", "kb", "3178676"),
    "14.0", make_array("sp", 2, "version", "14.0.7179.5000", "kb", "3178690"),
    "15.0", make_array("sp", 1, "version", "15.0.4911.1000", "kb", "3172542"),
    "16.0", make_nested_list(
      make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.4510.1000", "channel", "MSI", "kb", kb16),
      make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.6965.2140", "channel", "Deferred", "kb", kb16),
      make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.7369.2120", "channel", "Deferred", "channel_version", "1609", "kb", kb16),
      make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.7766.2071", "channel", "First Release for Deferred", "kb", kb16),
      make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.7870.2024", "channel", "Current", "kb", kb16)
    )
  );
  if (hotfix_check_office_product(product:"Excel", checks:excel_checks, bulletin:bulletin))
    vuln = TRUE;
}

######################################################################
# Word 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016
######################################################################
function perform_word_checks()
{
  local_var word_checks, kb16;

  kb16 = "3178674";
  word_checks = make_array(
    "12.0", make_array("sp", 3, "version", "12.0.6765.5000", "kb", "3178683"),
    "14.0", make_array("sp", 2, "version", "14.0.7179.5000", "kb", "3178687"),
    "15.0", make_array("sp", 1, "version", "15.0.4911.1000", "kb", "3172464"),
    "16.0", make_nested_list(
        make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.4510.1000", "channel", "MSI", "kb", kb16),
          make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.6965.2140", "channel", "Deferred", "kb", kb16),
            make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.7369.2120", "channel", "Deferred", "channel_version", "1609", "kb", kb16),
              make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.7766.2071", "channel", "First Release for Deferred", "kb", kb16),
                make_array("sp", 0, "version", "16.0.7870.2024", "channel", "Current", "kb", kb16)
    )
  );
  if (hotfix_check_office_product(product:"Word", checks:word_checks, bulletin:bulletin))
    vuln = TRUE;
}

######################################################################
# Compatibility Pack
######################################################################
function perform_comppack_checks()
{
  local_var excel_compat_checks, install, installs, path;

  ######################################################################
  # Excel Compatibility Pack
  ######################################################################
  excel_compat_checks = make_array(
    "12.0", make_array("version", "12.0.6765.5000", "kb", "3178677")
  );
  if (hotfix_check_office_product(product:"ExcelCnv", display_name:"Office Compatibility Pack SP3", checks:excel_compat_checks, bulletin:bulletin))
    vuln = TRUE;

  ######################################################################
  # Word Compatibility Pack
  ######################################################################
  installs = get_kb_list("SMB/Office/WordCnv/*/ProductPath");
  if (!isnull(installs))
  {
    foreach install (keys(installs))
    {
      path = installs[install];
      path = ereg_replace(pattern:'^(.+)\\\\[^\\\\]+\\.exe$', replace:"\1\", string:path, icase:TRUE);
      if(hotfix_check_fversion(path:path, file:"wrd12cnv.dll", version:"12.0.6765.5000",  kb:"3178682", bulletin:bulletin, min_version:"12.0.0.0", product:"Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack") == HCF_OLDER)
        vuln = TRUE;
    }
  }
}

######################################################################
# Office Viewers
######################################################################
function perform_viewer_checks()
{
  local_var excel_vwr_checks, word_vwr_checks;

  ######################################################################
  # Excel Viewer
  ######################################################################
  excel_vwr_checks = make_array(
    "12.0", make_array("version", "12.0.6765.5000", "kb", "3178680")
  );
  if (hotfix_check_office_product(product:"ExcelViewer", display_name:"Excel Viewer", checks:excel_vwr_checks, bulletin:bulletin))
    vuln = TRUE;

  ######################################################################
  # Word Viewer
  ######################################################################
  word_vwr_checks = make_array(
    "11.0", make_array("version", "11.0.8440.0", "kb", "3178694")
  );
  if (hotfix_check_office_product(product:"WordViewer", display_name:"Word Viewer", checks:word_vwr_checks, bulletin:bulletin))
    vuln = TRUE;
}

######################################################################
# Office Web Apps
######################################################################
function perform_owa_checks()
{
  local_var owa_installs, owa_install;
  local_var owa_2010_path, owa_2010_sp;
  local_var owa_2013_path, owa_2013_sp;
  local_var path;

  # Get installs of Office Web Apps
  owa_installs = get_installs(app_name:"Microsoft Office Web Apps");
  if (!empty_or_null(owa_installs))
  {
    foreach owa_install (owa_installs[1])
    {
      if (owa_install["Product"] == "2010")
      {
        owa_2010_path = owa_install["path"];
        owa_2010_sp = owa_install["SP"];
      }
      else if (owa_install["Product"] == "2013")
      {
        owa_2013_path = owa_install["path"];
        owa_2013_sp = owa_install["SP"];
      }
    }
  }

  ######################################################################
  # Office Web Apps 2010 SP2
  ######################################################################
  if (owa_2010_path && (!isnull(owa_2010_sp) && owa_2010_sp == "2"))
  {
    path = hotfix_append_path(path:owa_2010_path, value:"14.0\WebServices\ConversionService\Bin\Converter");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"sword.dll", version:"14.0.7179.5000", min_version:"14.0.7015.1000", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3178689", product:"Office Web Apps 2010") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;
  }

  ######################################################################
  # Office Web Apps 2013 SP1
  ######################################################################
  if (owa_2013_path && (!isnull(owa_2013_sp) && owa_2013_sp == "1"))
  {
    path = hotfix_append_path(path:owa_2013_path, value:"WordConversionService\bin\Converter");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"sword.dll", version:"15.0.4911.1000", min_version:"15.0.4571.1500", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3172457", product:"Office Web Apps 2013") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;
  }
}

######################################################################
# SharePoint
######################################################################
function perform_sharepoint_checks()
{
  local_var sps_2007_path, sps_2007_sp, sps_2007_edition;
  local_var sps_2010_path, sps_2010_sp, sps_2010_edition;
  local_var sps_2013_path, sps_2013_sp, sps_2013_edition;
  local_var installs, install, path, commonfiles;

  installs = get_installs(app_name:"Microsoft SharePoint Server");

  foreach install (installs[1])
  {
    if (install["Product"] == "2013")
    {
      sps_2013_path = install['path'];
      sps_2013_sp = install['SP'];
      sps_2013_edition = install['Edition'];
    }
    else if (install["Product"] == "2010")
    {
      sps_2010_path = install['path'];
      sps_2010_sp = install['SP'];
      sps_2010_edition = install['Edition'];
    }
    else if (install["Product"] == "2007")
    {
      sps_2007_path = install['path'];
      sps_2007_sp = install['SP'];
      sps_2007_edition = install['Edition'];
    }
  }

  commonfiles = hotfix_get_commonfilesdir();
  if (!commonfiles) commonfiles = hotfix_get_commonfilesdirx86();

  ######################################################################
  # SharePoint Server 2013 SP1 - Excel Services
  ######################################################################
  if (sps_2013_path && sps_2013_sp == "1" && sps_2013_edition == "Server")
  {
    path = hotfix_append_path(path:sps_2013_path, value:"Bin");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"xlsrv.dll", version:"15.0.4911.1000", min_version:"15.0.0.0", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3172431", product:"Office SharePoint Server 2013 Excel Services") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;
  }

  ######################################################################
  # SharePoint Server 2010 SP2 - Word Automation Services / Excel Services
  ######################################################################
  if (sps_2010_path && sps_2010_sp == "2" && sps_2010_edition == "Server")
  {
    path = hotfix_append_path(path:sps_2010_path, value:"WebServices\WordServer\Core");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"sword.dll", version:"14.0.7179.5000", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3178684", product:"Office SharePoint Server 2010 Word Automation Services") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;

    path = hotfix_append_path(path:sps_2010_path, value:"Bin");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"xlsrv.dll", version:"14.0.7179.5000", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3178685", product:"Office SharePoint Server 2010 Excel Services") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;
  }

  ######################################################################
  # SharePoint Server 2007 SP3 - Excel Services
  ######################################################################
  if (sps_2007_path && sps_2007_sp == "3" && sps_2007_edition == "Server")
  {
    path = hotfix_append_path(path:sps_2007_path, value:"Bin");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"xlsrv.dll", version:"12.0.6765.5000", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3178678", product:"Office SharePoint Server 2007 Excel Services") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;
  }

  ######################################################################
  # SharePoint Foundation 2013 SP1
  ######################################################################
  if (sps_2013_path && sps_2013_sp == "1" && sps_2013_edition == "Foundation")
  {
    if(commonfiles) path = hotfix_append_path(path:commonfiles, value:"Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\15\BIN");
    else path = hotfix_append_path(path:sps_2013_path, value:"BIN");
    if (hotfix_check_fversion(file:"onetutil.dll", version:"15.0.4911.1000", min_version:"15.0.0.0", path:path, bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3172540", product:"Office Sharepoint Foundation 2013") == HCF_OLDER)
      vuln = TRUE;
  }
}

perform_office_checks();
perform_excel_checks();
perform_word_checks();
perform_comppack_checks();
perform_viewer_checks();
perform_owa_checks();
perform_sharepoint_checks();

if (vuln)
{
  set_kb_item(name:'SMB/Missing/'+bulletin, value:TRUE);
  hotfix_security_hole();
  hotfix_check_fversion_end();
  exit(0);
}
else
{
  hotfix_check_fversion_end();
  audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');
}

References