Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-4861 - SQL Injection vulnerability in multiple products

047910
CVSS 9.8 - CRITICAL
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
HIGH
Integrity impact
HIGH
Availability impact
HIGH
network
low complexity
fedoraproject
zend
CWE-89
critical
nessus

Summary

The (1) order and (2) group methods in Zend_Db_Select in the Zend Framework before 1.12.20 might allow remote attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks by leveraging failure to remove comments from an SQL statement before validation.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
OS
Fedoraproject
3
Application
Zend
113

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
    An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
  • Object Relational Mapping Injection
    An attacker leverages a weakness present in the database access layer code generated with an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) tool or a weakness in the way that a developer used a persistence framework to inject his or her own SQL commands to be executed against the underlying database. The attack here is similar to plain SQL injection, except that the application does not use JDBC to directly talk to the database, but instead it uses a data access layer generated by an ORM tool or framework (e.g. Hibernate). While most of the time code generated by an ORM tool contains safe access methods that are immune to SQL injection, sometimes either due to some weakness in the generated code or due to the fact that the developer failed to use the generated access methods properly, SQL injection is still possible.
  • SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering
    An attacker modifies the parameters of the SOAP message that is sent from the service consumer to the service provider to initiate a SQL injection attack. On the service provider side, the SOAP message is parsed and parameters are not properly validated before being used to access a database in a way that does not use parameter binding, thus enabling the attacker to control the structure of the executed SQL query. This pattern describes a SQL injection attack with the delivery mechanism being a SOAP message.
  • Expanding Control over the Operating System from the Database
    An attacker is able to leverage access gained to the database to read / write data to the file system, compromise the operating system, create a tunnel for accessing the host machine, and use this access to potentially attack other machines on the same network as the database machine. Traditionally SQL injections attacks are viewed as a way to gain unauthorized read access to the data stored in the database, modify the data in the database, delete the data, etc. However, almost every data base management system (DBMS) system includes facilities that if compromised allow an attacker complete access to the file system, operating system, and full access to the host running the database. The attacker can then use this privileged access to launch subsequent attacks. These facilities include dropping into a command shell, creating user defined functions that can call system level libraries present on the host machine, stored procedures, etc.
  • SQL Injection
    This attack exploits target software that constructs SQL statements based on user input. An attacker crafts input strings so that when the target software constructs SQL statements based on the input, the resulting SQL statement performs actions other than those the application intended. SQL Injection results from failure of the application to appropriately validate input. When specially crafted user-controlled input consisting of SQL syntax is used without proper validation as part of SQL queries, it is possible to glean information from the database in ways not envisaged during application design. Depending upon the database and the design of the application, it may also be possible to leverage injection to have the database execute system-related commands of the attackers' choice. SQL Injection enables an attacker to talk directly to the database, thus bypassing the application completely. Successful injection can cause information disclosure as well as ability to add or modify data in the database. In order to successfully inject SQL and retrieve information from a database, an attacker:

Nessus

  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DLA-646.NASL
    descriptionCVE-2016-4861 The implementation of ORDER BY and GROUP BY in Zend_Db_Select remained prone to SQL injection when a combination of SQL expressions and comments were used. This security patch provides a comprehensive solution that identifies and removes comments prior to checking validity of the statement to ensure no SQLi vectors occur. For Debian 7
    last seen2020-03-17
    modified2016-10-06
    plugin id93869
    published2016-10-06
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/93869
    titleDebian DLA-646-1 : zendframework security update
    code
    #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were
    # extracted from Debian Security Advisory DLA-646-1. The text
    # itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(93869);
      script_version("2.4");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/12");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2016-4861");
    
      script_name(english:"Debian DLA-646-1 : zendframework security update");
      script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated packages.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security update."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "CVE-2016-4861 The implementation of ORDER BY and GROUP BY in
    Zend_Db_Select remained prone to SQL injection when a combination of
    SQL expressions and comments were used. This security patch provides a
    comprehensive solution that identifies and removes comments prior to
    checking validity of the statement to ensure no SQLi vectors occur.
    
    For Debian 7 'Wheezy', these problems have been fixed in version
    1.11.13-1.1+deb7u5.
    
    We recommend that you upgrade your zendframework packages.
    
    NOTE: Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description
    block directly from the DLA security advisory. Tenable has attempted
    to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without
    introducing additional issues."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2016/10/msg00002.html"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/wheezy/zendframework"
      );
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:"Upgrade the affected packages.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:zendframework");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:zendframework-bin");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:zendframework-resources");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:7.0");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/10/05");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/10/06");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 Tenable Network Security, Inc.");
      script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("debian_package.inc");
    
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian");
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    
    flag = 0;
    if (deb_check(release:"7.0", prefix:"zendframework", reference:"1.11.13-1.1+deb7u5")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"7.0", prefix:"zendframework-bin", reference:"1.11.13-1.1+deb7u5")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"7.0", prefix:"zendframework-resources", reference:"1.11.13-1.1+deb7u5")) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:deb_report_get());
      else security_hole(0);
      exit(0);
    }
    else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");
    
  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DLA-1403.NASL
    descriptionCVE-2016-4861 Allowing remote attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks by leveraging failure to remove comments from a SQL statement before validation. For Debian 8
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id110785
    published2018-06-29
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/110785
    titleDebian DLA-1403-1 : zendframework security update
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were
    # extracted from Debian Security Advisory DLA-1403-1. The text
    # itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(110785);
      script_version("1.3");
      script_cvs_date("Date: 2018/08/08 12:52:14");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2016-4861");
    
      script_name(english:"Debian DLA-1403-1 : zendframework security update");
      script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated packages.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security update."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "CVE-2016-4861 Allowing remote attackers to conduct SQL injection
    attacks by leveraging failure to remove comments from a SQL statement
    before validation.
    
    For Debian 8 'Jessie', these problems have been fixed in version
    1.12.9+dfsg-2+deb8u7.
    
    We recommend that you upgrade your zendframework packages.
    
    NOTE: Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description
    block directly from the DLA security advisory. Tenable has attempted
    to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without
    introducing additional issues."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/06/msg00012.html"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/jessie/zendframework"
      );
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:"Upgrade the affected packages.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:zendframework");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:zendframework-bin");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:zendframework-resources");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:8.0");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/06/28");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/06/29");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("debian_package.inc");
    
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian");
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    
    flag = 0;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"zendframework", reference:"1.12.9+dfsg-2+deb8u7")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"zendframework-bin", reference:"1.12.9+dfsg-2+deb8u7")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"zendframework-resources", reference:"1.12.9+dfsg-2+deb8u7")) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:deb_report_get());
      else security_hole(0);
      exit(0);
    }
    else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");
    
  • NASL familyFedora Local Security Checks
    NASL idFEDORA_2016-77E5105570.NASL
    descriptionProbably the last update for Zend Framework 1 as it is being EOLd on September 28, 2016. Fixes two security issues, CVE-2016-4861 and CVE-2016-6233 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora update system website. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-06-05
    modified2016-10-10
    plugin id93921
    published2016-10-10
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/93921
    titleFedora 23 : php-ZendFramework (2016-77e5105570)
    code
    #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were  
    # extracted from Fedora Security Advisory FEDORA-2016-77e5105570.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(93921);
      script_version("2.5");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/06/04");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2016-4861", "CVE-2016-6233");
      script_xref(name:"FEDORA", value:"2016-77e5105570");
    
      script_name(english:"Fedora 23 : php-ZendFramework (2016-77e5105570)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks rpm output for the updated package.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Fedora host is missing a security update."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "Probably the last update for Zend Framework 1 as it is being EOLd on
    September 28, 2016.
    
    Fixes two security issues, CVE-2016-4861 and CVE-2016-6233
    
    Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding
    description block directly from the Fedora update system website.
    Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as
    possible without introducing additional issues."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2016-77e5105570"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"solution", 
        value:"Update the affected php-ZendFramework package."
      );
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:fedoraproject:fedora:php-ZendFramework");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:23");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2017/02/17");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/10/09");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/10/10");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Fedora Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release");
    if (isnull(release) || "Fedora" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora");
    os_ver = pregmatch(pattern: "Fedora.*release ([0-9]+)", string:release);
    if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Fedora");
    os_ver = os_ver[1];
    if (! preg(pattern:"^23([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora 23", "Fedora " + os_ver);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Fedora", cpu);
    
    
    flag = 0;
    if (rpm_check(release:"FC23", reference:"php-ZendFramework-1.12.20-1.fc23")) flag++;
    
    
    if (flag)
    {
      security_report_v4(
        port       : 0,
        severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
        extra      : rpm_report_get()
      );
      exit(0);
    }
    else
    {
      tested = pkg_tests_get();
      if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
      else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "php-ZendFramework");
    }
    
  • NASL familyFedora Local Security Checks
    NASL idFEDORA_2016-7F193A0C59.NASL
    descriptionProbably the last update for Zend Framework 1 as it is being EOLd on September 28, 2016. Fixes two security issues, CVE-2016-4861 and CVE-2016-6233 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora update system website. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-06-05
    modified2016-10-10
    plugin id93922
    published2016-10-10
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/93922
    titleFedora 24 : php-ZendFramework (2016-7f193a0c59)
  • NASL familyFedora Local Security Checks
    NASL idFEDORA_2016-666D95D1D5.NASL
    descriptionProbably the last update for Zend Framework 1 as it is being EOLd on September 28, 2016. Fixes two security issues, CVE-2016-4861 and CVE-2016-6233 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora update system website. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-06-05
    modified2016-11-15
    plugin id94813
    published2016-11-15
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/94813
    titleFedora 25 : php-ZendFramework (2016-666d95d1d5)
  • NASL familyGentoo Local Security Checks
    NASL idGENTOO_GLSA-201804-10.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is affected by the vulnerability described in GLSA-201804-10 (Zend Framework: Multiple vulnerabilities) Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Zend Framework that have remain unaddressed. Please review the referenced CVE identifiers for details. Impact : Remote attackers could execute arbitrary commands or conduct SQL injection attacks. Workaround : There is no known workaround at this time.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id108931
    published2018-04-10
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/108931
    titleGLSA-201804-10 : Zend Framework: Multiple vulnerabilities
  • NASL familyAmazon Linux Local Security Checks
    NASL idALA_ALAS-2016-767.NASL
    descriptionThe implementation of ORDER BY and GROUP BY in Zend_Db_Select was discovered to be vulnerable to SQL injection.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id94973
    published2016-11-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2018 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/94973
    titleAmazon Linux AMI : php-ZendFramework (ALAS-2016-767)