Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-4651 - Cross-site Scripting vulnerability in Apple Iphone OS and Safari
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
LOW Integrity impact
LOW Availability impact
NONE Summary
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the WebKit JavaScript bindings in Apple iOS before 9.3.3 and Safari before 9.1.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted HTTP/0.9 response, related to a "cross-protocol cross-site scripting (XPXSS)" vulnerability.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Cross Site Scripting through Log Files An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
- Embedding Scripts in Non-Script Elements This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an attacker to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote attacker to collect and interpret the output of said attack.
- Embedding Scripts within Scripts An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts. The attacker leverages this capability to execute scripts to execute his/her own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute. The attacker must have the ability to inject script into script that is likely to be executed. If this is done, then the attacker can potentially launch a variety of probes and attacks against the web server's local environment, in many cases the so-called DMZ, back end resources the web server can communicate with, and other hosts. With the proliferation of intermediaries, such as Web App Firewalls, network devices, and even printers having JVMs and Web servers, there are many locales where an attacker can inject malicious scripts. Since this attack pattern defines scripts within scripts, there are likely privileges to execute said attack on the host. Of course, these attacks are not solely limited to the server side, client side scripts like Ajax and client side JavaScript can contain malicious scripts as well. In general all that is required is for there to be sufficient privileges to execute a script, but not protected against writing.
- Cross-Site Scripting in Error Pages An attacker distributes a link (or possibly some other query structure) with a request to a third party web server that is malformed and also contains a block of exploit code in order to have the exploit become live code in the resulting error page. When the third party web server receives the crafted request and notes the error it then creates an error message that echoes the malformed message, including the exploit. Doing this converts the exploit portion of the message into to valid language elements that are executed by the viewing browser. When a victim executes the query provided by the attacker the infected error message error message is returned including the exploit code which then runs in the victim's browser. XSS can result in execution of code as well as data leakage (e.g. session cookies can be sent to the attacker). This type of attack is especially dangerous since the exploit appears to come from the third party web server, who the victim may trust and hence be more vulnerable to deception.
- Cross-Site Scripting Using Alternate Syntax The attacker uses alternate forms of keywords or commands that result in the same action as the primary form but which may not be caught by filters. For example, many keywords are processed in a case insensitive manner. If the site's web filtering algorithm does not convert all tags into a consistent case before the comparison with forbidden keywords it is possible to bypass filters (e.g., incomplete black lists) by using an alternate case structure. For example, the "script" tag using the alternate forms of "Script" or "ScRiPt" may bypass filters where "script" is the only form tested. Other variants using different syntax representations are also possible as well as using pollution meta-characters or entities that are eventually ignored by the rendering engine. The attack can result in the execution of otherwise prohibited functionality.
Nessus
NASL family Ubuntu Local Security Checks NASL id UBUNTU_USN-3079-1.NASL description A large number of security issues were discovered in the WebKitGTK+ Web and JavaScript engines. If a user were tricked into viewing a malicious website, a remote attacker could exploit a variety of issues related to web browser security, including cross-site scripting attacks, denial of service attacks, and arbitrary code execution. Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues. last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 93511 published 2016-09-15 reporter Ubuntu Security Notice (C) 2016-2019 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/93511 title Ubuntu 16.04 LTS : webkit2gtk vulnerabilities (USN-3079-1) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3079-1. The text # itself is copyright (C) Canonical, Inc. See # <http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/>. Ubuntu(R) is a registered # trademark of Canonical, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(93511); script_version("2.7"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/09/18 12:31:46"); script_cve_id("CVE-2016-1854", "CVE-2016-1856", "CVE-2016-1857", "CVE-2016-1858", "CVE-2016-1859", "CVE-2016-4583", "CVE-2016-4585", "CVE-2016-4586", "CVE-2016-4588", "CVE-2016-4589", "CVE-2016-4590", "CVE-2016-4591", "CVE-2016-4622", "CVE-2016-4623", "CVE-2016-4624", "CVE-2016-4651"); script_xref(name:"USN", value:"3079-1"); script_name(english:"Ubuntu 16.04 LTS : webkit2gtk vulnerabilities (USN-3079-1)"); script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for updated packages."); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote Ubuntu host is missing one or more security-related patches." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "A large number of security issues were discovered in the WebKitGTK+ Web and JavaScript engines. If a user were tricked into viewing a malicious website, a remote attacker could exploit a variety of issues related to web browser security, including cross-site scripting attacks, denial of service attacks, and arbitrary code execution. Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://usn.ubuntu.com/3079-1/" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"solution", value: "Update the affected libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 and / or libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 packages." ); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:N/A:N"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/05/20"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/09/14"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/09/15"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"Ubuntu Security Notice (C) 2016-2019 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_family(english:"Ubuntu Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/cpu", "Host/Ubuntu", "Host/Ubuntu/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("ubuntu.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); if ( ! get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled") ) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); release = get_kb_item("Host/Ubuntu/release"); if ( isnull(release) ) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Ubuntu"); release = chomp(release); if (! preg(pattern:"^(16\.04)$", string:release)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Ubuntu 16.04", "Ubuntu " + release); if ( ! get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l") ) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING); cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu"); if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH); if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Ubuntu", cpu); flag = 0; if (ubuntu_check(osver:"16.04", pkgname:"libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18", pkgver:"2.12.5-0ubuntu0.16.04.1")) flag++; if (ubuntu_check(osver:"16.04", pkgname:"libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37", pkgver:"2.12.5-0ubuntu0.16.04.1")) flag++; if (flag) { security_report_v4( port : 0, severity : SECURITY_HOLE, extra : ubuntu_report_get() ); exit(0); } else { tested = ubuntu_pkg_tests_get(); if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested); else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 / libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37"); }NASL family MacOS X Local Security Checks NASL id MACOSX_SAFARI9_1_2.NASL description The version of Apple Safari installed on the remote Mac OS X host is prior to 9.1.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities, the most serious of which can result in remote code execution, in the following components : - WebKit - WebKit JavaScript Bindings - WebKit Page Loading last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 92358 published 2016-07-19 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/92358 title Mac OS X : Apple Safari < 9.1.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(92358); script_version("1.7"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/19"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2016-4583", "CVE-2016-4584", "CVE-2016-4585", "CVE-2016-4586", "CVE-2016-4589", "CVE-2016-4590", "CVE-2016-4591", "CVE-2016-4592", "CVE-2016-4622", "CVE-2016-4623", "CVE-2016-4624", "CVE-2016-4651" ); script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2016-07-18-5"); script_name(english:"Mac OS X : Apple Safari < 9.1.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities"); script_summary(english:"Checks the Safari version."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote host has a web browser installed that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The version of Apple Safari installed on the remote Mac OS X host is prior to 9.1.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities, the most serious of which can result in remote code execution, in the following components : - WebKit - WebKit JavaScript Bindings - WebKit Page Loading"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT206900"); # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00004.html script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?350c3f83"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to Apple Safari version 9.1.2 or later."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:N/A:N"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-4591"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/07/18"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/07/18"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/07/19"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apple:safari"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("macosx_Safari31.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "MacOSX/Safari/Installed"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("misc_func.inc"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); os = get_kb_item("Host/MacOSX/Version"); if (!os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X"); if (!ereg(pattern:"Mac OS X 10\.(9|10|11)([^0-9]|$)", string:os)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Mac OS X 10.9 / 10.10 / 10.11"); installed = get_kb_item_or_exit("MacOSX/Safari/Installed", exit_code:0); path = get_kb_item_or_exit("MacOSX/Safari/Path", exit_code:1); version = get_kb_item_or_exit("MacOSX/Safari/Version", exit_code:1); fixed_version = "9.1.2"; if (ver_compare(ver:version, fix:fixed_version, strict:FALSE) == -1) { report = report_items_str( report_items:make_array( "Path", path, "Installed version", version, "Fixed version", fixed_version ), ordered_fields:make_list("Path", "Installed version", "Fixed version") ); security_report_v4(port:0, severity:SECURITY_HOLE, extra:report, xss:TRUE); } else audit(AUDIT_INST_PATH_NOT_VULN, "Safari", version, path);
References
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00001.html
- https://support.apple.com/HT206902
- http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00004.html
- https://support.apple.com/HT206900
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91835
- http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/138502/WebKitGTK-SOP-Bypass-Information-Disclosure.html
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036343
- http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/539295/100/0/threaded