Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-2826 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox
Attack vector
LOCAL Attack complexity
LOW Privileges required
LOW Confidentiality impact
HIGH Integrity impact
HIGH Availability impact
HIGH Summary
The maintenance service in Mozilla Firefox before 47.0 and Firefox ESR 45.x before 45.2 on Windows does not prevent MAR extracted-file modification during updater execution, which might allow local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse file.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Accessing, Modifying or Executing Executable Files An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an attacker to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an attacker to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
- Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files, when the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high. The attack can be directed at a client system, such as causing buffer overrun through loading seemingly benign image files, as in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS04-028 where specially crafted JPEG files could cause a buffer overrun once loaded into the browser. Another example targets clients reading pdf files. In this case the attacker simply appends javascript to the end of a legitimate url for a pdf (http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/danger-danger-danger/) http://path/to/pdf/file.pdf#whatever_name_you_want=javascript:your_code_here The client assumes that they are reading a pdf, but the attacker has modified the resource and loaded executable javascript into the client's browser process. The attack can also target server processes. The attacker edits the resource or configuration file, for example a web.xml file used to configure security permissions for a J2EE app server, adding role name "public" grants all users with the public role the ability to use the administration functionality. The server trusts its configuration file to be correct, but when they are manipulated, the attacker gains full control.
- Blue Boxing This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
- Restful Privilege Elevation Rest uses standard HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permissions methods, but these are not necessarily correlated generally with back end programs. Strict interpretation of HTTP get methods means that these HTTP Get services should not be used to delete information on the server, but there is no access control mechanism to back up this logic. This means that unless the services are properly ACL'd and the application's service implementation are following these guidelines then an HTTP request can easily execute a delete or update on the server side. The attacker identifies a HTTP Get URL such as http://victimsite/updateOrder, which calls out to a program to update orders on a database or other resource. The URL is not idempotent so the request can be submitted multiple times by the attacker, additionally, the attacker may be able to exploit the URL published as a Get method that actually performs updates (instead of merely retrieving data). This may result in malicious or inadvertent altering of data on the server.
- Target Programs with Elevated Privileges This attack targets programs running with elevated privileges. The attacker would try to leverage a bug in the running program and get arbitrary code to execute with elevated privileges. For instance an attacker would look for programs that write to the system directories or registry keys (such as HKLM, which stores a number of critical Windows environment variables). These programs are typically running with elevated privileges and have usually not been designed with security in mind. Such programs are excellent exploit targets because they yield lots of power when they break. The malicious user try to execute its code at the same level as a privileged system call.
Nessus
NASL family Windows NASL id MOZILLA_FIREFOX_47.NASL description The version of Firefox installed on the remote Windows host is prior to 47. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple memory corruption issues exist that allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2815, CVE-2016-2818) - An overflow condition exists that is triggered when handling HTML5 fragments in foreign contexts (e.g., under <svg> nodes). An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to cause a heap-based buffer overflow, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2819) - A use-after-free error exists that is triggered when deleting DOM table elements in last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 91547 published 2016-06-09 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/91547 title Firefox < 47 Multiple Vulnerabilities code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(91547); script_version("1.9"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/19"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2016-2815", "CVE-2016-2818", "CVE-2016-2819", "CVE-2016-2821", "CVE-2016-2822", "CVE-2016-2824", "CVE-2016-2825", "CVE-2016-2826", "CVE-2016-2828", "CVE-2016-2829", "CVE-2016-2831", "CVE-2016-2832", "CVE-2016-2833", "CVE-2016-2834" ); script_bugtraq_id(91072, 91074, 91075); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-49"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-50"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-51"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-52"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-53"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-54"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-55"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-56"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-57"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-58"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-59"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-60"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-61"); script_name(english:"Firefox < 47 Multiple Vulnerabilities"); script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Firefox."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote Windows host contains a web browser that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The version of Firefox installed on the remote Windows host is prior to 47. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple memory corruption issues exist that allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2815, CVE-2016-2818) - An overflow condition exists that is triggered when handling HTML5 fragments in foreign contexts (e.g., under <svg> nodes). An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to cause a heap-based buffer overflow, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2819) - A use-after-free error exists that is triggered when deleting DOM table elements in 'contenteditable' mode. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to dereference already freed memory, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2821) - A spoofing vulnerability exists due to improper handling of SELECT elements. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to spoof the contents of the address bar. (CVE-2016-2822) - An out-of-bounds write error exists in the ANGLE graphics library due to improper size checking while writing to an array during WebGL shader operations. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2824) - A same-origin bypass vulnerability exists that is triggered when handling location.host property values set after the creation of invalid 'data:' URIs. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to partially bypass same-origin policy protections. (CVE-2016-2825) - A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Windows updater utility due to improper extraction of files from MAR archives. A local attacker can exploit this to replace the extracted files, allowing the attacker to gain elevated privileges. (CVE-2016-2826) - A use-after-free error exists that is triggered when destroying the recycle pool of a texture used during the processing of WebGL content. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to dereference already freed memory, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2828) - A flaw exists in browser/modules/webrtcUI.jsm that is triggered when handling a large number of permission requests over a small period of time. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to cause the incorrect icon to be displayed in a given permission request, potentially resulting in a user approving unintended permission requests. (CVE-2016-2829) - A flaw exists that is triggered when handling paired fullscreen and pointerlock requests in combination with closing windows. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to create an unauthorized pointerlock, resulting in a denial of service condition. Additionally, an attacker can exploit this to conduct spoofing and clickjacking attacks. (CVE-2016-2831) - An information disclosure vulnerability exists that is triggered when handling CSS pseudo-classes. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this disclose a list of installed plugins. (CVE-2016-2832) - A Content Security Policy (CSP) bypass exists that is triggered when handling specially crafted cross-domain Java applets. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to bypass the CSP and conduct cross-site scripting attacks. (CVE-2016-2833) - Multiple unspecified flaws exist in the Mozilla Network Security Services (NSS) component that allow an attacker to have an unspecified impact. (CVE-2016-2834)"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-49/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-50/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-51/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-52/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-53/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-54/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-55/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-56/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-57/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-58/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-59/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-60/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-61/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to Firefox version 47 or later."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-2834"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_malware", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/06/07"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/06/07"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/06/09"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:mozilla:firefox"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"Windows"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("mozilla_org_installed.nasl"); script_require_keys("Mozilla/Firefox/Version"); exit(0); } include("mozilla_version.inc"); port = get_kb_item("SMB/transport"); if (!port) port = 445; installs = get_kb_list("SMB/Mozilla/Firefox/*"); if (isnull(installs)) audit(AUDIT_NOT_INST, "Firefox"); mozilla_check_version(installs:installs, product:'firefox', esr:FALSE, fix:'47', severity:SECURITY_HOLE);NASL family Windows NASL id MOZILLA_FIREFOX_45_2_ESR.NASL description The version of Firefox ESR installed on the remote Windows host is 45.x prior to 45.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple memory corruption issues exist that allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2818) - An overflow condition exists that is triggered when handling HTML5 fragments in foreign contexts (e.g., under <svg> nodes). An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to cause a heap-based buffer overflow, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2819) - A use-after-free error exists that is triggered when deleting DOM table elements in last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 91546 published 2016-06-09 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/91546 title Firefox ESR 45.x < 45.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(91546); script_version("1.9"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/19"); script_cve_id( "CVE-2016-2818", "CVE-2016-2819", "CVE-2016-2821", "CVE-2016-2822", "CVE-2016-2824", "CVE-2016-2826", "CVE-2016-2828", "CVE-2016-2831" ); script_bugtraq_id(91072, 91074, 91075); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-49"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-50"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-51"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-52"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-53"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-55"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-56"); script_xref(name:"MFSA", value:"2016-58"); script_name(english:"Firefox ESR 45.x < 45.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities"); script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Firefox."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value: "The remote Windows host contains a web browser that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities."); script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value: "The version of Firefox ESR installed on the remote Windows host is 45.x prior to 45.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - Multiple memory corruption issues exist that allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2818) - An overflow condition exists that is triggered when handling HTML5 fragments in foreign contexts (e.g., under <svg> nodes). An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to cause a heap-based buffer overflow, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2819) - A use-after-free error exists that is triggered when deleting DOM table elements in 'contenteditable' mode. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to dereference already freed memory, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2821) - A spoofing vulnerability exists due to improper handling of SELECT elements. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to spoof the contents of the address bar. (CVE-2016-2822) - An out-of-bounds write error exists in the ANGLE graphics library due to improper size checking while writing to an array during WebGL shader operations. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2824) - A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Windows updater utility due to improper extraction of files from MAR archives. A local attacker can exploit this to replace the extracted files, allowing the attacker to gain elevated privileges. (CVE-2016-2826) - A use-after-free error exists that is triggered when destroying the recycle pool of a texture used during the processing of WebGL content. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to dereference already freed memory, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code. (CVE-2016-2828) - A flaw exists that is triggered when handling paired fullscreen and pointerlock requests in combination with closing windows. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to create an unauthorized pointerlock, resulting in a denial of service condition. Additionally, an attacker can exploit this to conduct spoofing and clickjacking attacks. (CVE-2016-2831)"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-49/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-50/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-51/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-52/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-53/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-55/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-56/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-58/"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade to Firefox ESR version 45.2 or later."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"); script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-2826"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_malware", value:"true"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/06/07"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/06/07"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/06/09"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:mozilla:firefox_esr"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_family(english:"Windows"); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_dependencies("mozilla_org_installed.nasl"); script_require_keys("Mozilla/Firefox/Version"); exit(0); } include("mozilla_version.inc"); port = get_kb_item("SMB/transport"); if (!port) port = 445; installs = get_kb_list("SMB/Mozilla/Firefox/*"); if (isnull(installs)) audit(AUDIT_NOT_INST, "Firefox"); mozilla_check_version(installs:installs, product:'firefox', esr:TRUE, fix:'45.2', min:'45.0', severity:SECURITY_HOLE);