Vulnerabilities > CVE-2014-0116 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability in Apache Struts

047910
CVSS 0.0 - NONE
Attack vector
UNKNOWN
Attack complexity
UNKNOWN
Privileges required
UNKNOWN
Confidentiality impact
UNKNOWN
Integrity impact
UNKNOWN
Availability impact
UNKNOWN
apache
CWE-264
nessus
NVD
Published: 2014-05-08
Updated: 2024-11-21

Summary

CookieInterceptor in Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.20, when a wildcard cookiesName value is used, does not properly restrict access to the getClass method, which allows remote attackers to "manipulate" the ClassLoader and modify session state via a crafted request. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-0113.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Apache
50

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Accessing, Modifying or Executing Executable Files
    An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an attacker to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an attacker to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
  • Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
    An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files, when the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high. The attack can be directed at a client system, such as causing buffer overrun through loading seemingly benign image files, as in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS04-028 where specially crafted JPEG files could cause a buffer overrun once loaded into the browser. Another example targets clients reading pdf files. In this case the attacker simply appends javascript to the end of a legitimate url for a pdf (http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/danger-danger-danger/) http://path/to/pdf/file.pdf#whatever_name_you_want=javascript:your_code_here The client assumes that they are reading a pdf, but the attacker has modified the resource and loaded executable javascript into the client's browser process. The attack can also target server processes. The attacker edits the resource or configuration file, for example a web.xml file used to configure security permissions for a J2EE app server, adding role name "public" grants all users with the public role the ability to use the administration functionality. The server trusts its configuration file to be correct, but when they are manipulated, the attacker gains full control.
  • Blue Boxing
    This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
  • Restful Privilege Elevation
    Rest uses standard HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permissions methods, but these are not necessarily correlated generally with back end programs. Strict interpretation of HTTP get methods means that these HTTP Get services should not be used to delete information on the server, but there is no access control mechanism to back up this logic. This means that unless the services are properly ACL'd and the application's service implementation are following these guidelines then an HTTP request can easily execute a delete or update on the server side. The attacker identifies a HTTP Get URL such as http://victimsite/updateOrder, which calls out to a program to update orders on a database or other resource. The URL is not idempotent so the request can be submitted multiple times by the attacker, additionally, the attacker may be able to exploit the URL published as a Get method that actually performs updates (instead of merely retrieving data). This may result in malicious or inadvertent altering of data on the server.
  • Target Programs with Elevated Privileges
    This attack targets programs running with elevated privileges. The attacker would try to leverage a bug in the running program and get arbitrary code to execute with elevated privileges. For instance an attacker would look for programs that write to the system directories or registry keys (such as HKLM, which stores a number of critical Windows environment variables). These programs are typically running with elevated privileges and have usually not been designed with security in mind. Such programs are excellent exploit targets because they yield lots of power when they break. The malicious user try to execute its code at the same level as a privileged system call.

Nessus

  • NASL familyCGI abuses
    NASL idMYSQL_ENTERPRISE_MONITOR_2_3_17.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its self-reported version, the MySQL Enterprise Monitor running on the remote host is affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - A flaw exists within
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id83293
    published2015-05-08
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2015-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/83293
    titleMySQL Enterprise Monitor < 2.3.17 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(83293);
  script_version("1.7");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/22");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2014-0050",
    "CVE-2014-0094",
    "CVE-2014-0112",
    "CVE-2014-0113",
    "CVE-2014-0116"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    65400,
    65999,
    67064,
    67081,
    67218
  );
  script_xref(name:"CERT", value:"719225");
  script_xref(name:"EDB-ID", value:"33142");
  script_xref(name:"EDB-ID", value:"31615");

  script_name(english:"MySQL Enterprise Monitor < 2.3.17 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of MySQL Enterprise Monitor.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A web application running on the remote host is affected by multiple
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its self-reported version, the MySQL Enterprise Monitor
running on the remote host is affected by multiple vulnerabilities : 

  - A flaw exists within 'MultipartStream.java' in Apache
    Commons FileUpload when parsing malformed Content-Type
    headers. A remote attacker, using a crafted header,
    can exploit this to cause an infinite loop, resulting
    in a denial of service. (CVE-2014-0050)

  - Security bypass flaws exist in the ParametersInterceptor
    and CookieInterceptor classes, within the included
    Apache Struts 2 component, which are due to a failure to
    properly restrict access to their getClass() methods. A
    remote attacker, using a crafted request, can exploit
    these flaws to manipulate the ClassLoader, thus allowing
    the execution of arbitrary code or modification of the
    session state. Note that vulnerabilities CVE-2014-0112
    and CVE-2014-0116 occurred because the patches for
    CVE-2014-0094 and CVE-2014-0113, respectively, were not
    complete fixes. (CVE-2014-0094, CVE-2014-0112,
    CVE-2014-0113, CVE-2014-0116)");
  # https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpuapr2015-2365600.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?56618dc1");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-021");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-022");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.3.17 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts ClassLoader Manipulation Remote Code Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2014/03/02");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2014/05/21");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/05/08");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:mysql:enterprise_monitor");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:tomcat");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("mysql_enterprise_monitor_web_detect.nasl");
  script_require_keys("installed_sw/MySQL Enterprise Monitor");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 18080);

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");
include("http.inc");
include("install_func.inc");

app  = "MySQL Enterprise Monitor";
get_install_count(app_name:app, exit_if_zero:TRUE);

fix  = "2.3.17";
port = get_http_port(default:18080);

install = get_single_install(app_name:app, port:port, exit_if_unknown_ver:TRUE);
version = install['version'];
install_url = build_url(port:port, qs:"/");

if (ver_compare(ver:version, fix:fix, strict:FALSE) < 0)
{
  if (report_verbosity > 0)
  {
    report =
      '\n  URL               : ' + install_url +
      '\n  Installed version : ' + version +
      '\n  Fixed version     : ' + fix +
      '\n';
    security_hole(port:port, extra:report);
  }
  else security_hole(port);
}
else audit(AUDIT_WEB_APP_NOT_AFFECTED, app, install_url, version);
  • NASL familyCGI abuses
    NASL idMYSQL_ENTERPRISE_MONITOR_3_0_11.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its self-reported version, the MySQL Enterprise Monitor running on the remote host is affected by multiple vulnerabilities : - A flaw exists within
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id83295
    published2015-05-08
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2015-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/83295
    titleMySQL Enterprise Monitor 3.0.x < 3.0.11 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(83295);
  script_version("1.7");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/22");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2014-0050",
    "CVE-2014-0094",
    "CVE-2014-0112",
    "CVE-2014-0113",
    "CVE-2014-0116"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    65400,
    65999,
    67064,
    67081,
    67218
  );
  script_xref(name:"CERT", value:"719225");
  script_xref(name:"EDB-ID", value:"33142");
  script_xref(name:"EDB-ID", value:"31615");

  script_name(english:"MySQL Enterprise Monitor 3.0.x < 3.0.11 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of MySQL Enterprise Monitor.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A web application running on the remote host is affected by multiple
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"According to its self-reported version, the MySQL Enterprise Monitor
running on the remote host is affected by multiple vulnerabilities :

  - A flaw exists within 'MultipartStream.java' in Apache
    Commons FileUpload when parsing malformed Content-Type
    headers. A remote attacker, using a crafted header,
    can exploit this to cause an infinite loop, resulting
    in a denial of service. (CVE-2014-0050)

  - Security bypass flaws exist in the ParametersInterceptor
    and CookieInterceptor classes, within the included
    Apache Struts 2 component, which are due to a failure to
    properly restrict access to their getClass() methods. A
    remote attacker, using a crafted request, can exploit
    these flaws to manipulate the ClassLoader, thus allowing
    the execution of arbitrary code or modification of the
    session state. Note that vulnerabilities CVE-2014-0112
    and CVE-2014-0116 occurred because the patches for
    CVE-2014-0094 and CVE-2014-0113, respectively, were not
    complete fixes. (CVE-2014-0094, CVE-2014-0112,
    CVE-2014-0113, CVE-2014-0116)");
  # https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpuapr2015-2365600.html
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?56618dc1");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-021");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-022");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to MySQL Enterprise Monitor 3.0.11 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts ClassLoader Manipulation Remote Code Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2014/03/02");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2014/05/30");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/05/08");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:mysql:enterprise_monitor");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:tomcat");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("mysql_enterprise_monitor_web_detect.nasl");
  script_require_keys("installed_sw/MySQL Enterprise Monitor");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 18443);

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("global_settings.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");
include("http.inc");
include("install_func.inc");

app  = "MySQL Enterprise Monitor";
get_install_count(app_name:app, exit_if_zero:TRUE);

fix  = "3.0.11";
port = get_http_port(default:18443);

install = get_single_install(app_name:app, port:port, exit_if_unknown_ver:TRUE);
version = install['version'];
install_url = build_url(port:port, qs:"/");

if (version =~ "^3\.0($|[^0-9])" && ver_compare(ver:version, fix:fix, strict:FALSE) < 0)
{
  if (report_verbosity > 0)
  {
    report =
      '\n  URL               : ' + install_url +
      '\n  Installed version : ' + version +
      '\n  Fixed version     : ' + fix +
      '\n';
    security_hole(port:port, extra:report);
  }
  else security_hole(port);
}
else audit(AUDIT_WEB_APP_NOT_AFFECTED, app, install_url, version);
  • NASL familyMisc.
    NASL idSTRUTS_2_3_16_3.NASL
    descriptionThe remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a Java based web application framework. The version of Struts 2 in use is affected by a security bypass vulnerability due to a flaw with CookieInterceptor. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit this issue to manipulate the ClassLoader and modify a session state to bypass security restrictions. Note that this vulnerability can only be exploited when a wildcard character is used to configure the
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id73944
    published2014-05-09
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2014-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/73944
    titleApache Struts 2 CookieInterceptor Unspecified Security Bypass (S2-022)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(73944);
  script_version("1.17");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/08/27  9:41:32");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2014-0116");
  script_bugtraq_id(67218);

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2 CookieInterceptor Unspecified Security Bypass (S2-022)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the Struts 2 version.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote web server contains a web application that uses a Java framework that is affected by a security bypass
vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a Java based web application framework. The version of Struts 2 in
use is affected by a security bypass vulnerability due to a flaw with CookieInterceptor. A remote, unauthenticated
attacker can exploit this issue to manipulate the ClassLoader and modify a session state to bypass security
restrictions.

Note that this vulnerability can only be exploited when a wildcard
character is used to configure the 'cookiesName' value.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead
relied only on the application's self-reported version number.");
  # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-022
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9aff5358");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Apache Struts version 2.3.20 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2014-0116");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2014/05/03");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2014/05/03");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2014/05/09");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2014-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("os_fingerprint.nasl", "struts_detect_win.nbin", "struts_detect_nix.nbin", "struts_config_browser_detect.nbin");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("installed_sw/Apache Struts","installed_sw/Struts");

  exit(0);
}
include('vcf.inc');

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

app_info = vcf::combined_get_app_info(app:'Apache Struts');
vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:3);

constraints = [
  { 'min_version' : '2.0.0', 'max_version' : '2.3.16.3', 'fixed_version' : '2.3.20' }
];

vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_WARNING);

References