Vulnerabilities > CVE-2013-6892 - Information Exposure vulnerability in multiple products
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
MEDIUM Privileges required
SINGLE Confidentiality impact
PARTIAL Integrity impact
NONE Availability impact
NONE Summary
WebSVN 2.3.3 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via a symlink attack in a commit.
Vulnerable Configurations
Part | Description | Count |
---|---|---|
Application | 1 | |
OS | 1 |
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Subverting Environment Variable Values The attacker directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The attacker's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the attacker.
- Footprinting An attacker engages in probing and exploration activity to identify constituents and properties of the target. Footprinting is a general term to describe a variety of information gathering techniques, often used by attackers in preparation for some attack. It consists of using tools to learn as much as possible about the composition, configuration, and security mechanisms of the targeted application, system or network. Information that might be collected during a footprinting effort could include open ports, applications and their versions, network topology, and similar information. While footprinting is not intended to be damaging (although certain activities, such as network scans, can sometimes cause disruptions to vulnerable applications inadvertently) it may often pave the way for more damaging attacks.
- Exploiting Trust in Client (aka Make the Client Invisible) An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by placing themselves in the communication channel between client and server such that communication directly to the server is possible where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
- Browser Fingerprinting An attacker carefully crafts small snippets of Java Script to efficiently detect the type of browser the potential victim is using. Many web-based attacks need prior knowledge of the web browser including the version of browser to ensure successful exploitation of a vulnerability. Having this knowledge allows an attacker to target the victim with attacks that specifically exploit known or zero day weaknesses in the type and version of the browser used by the victim. Automating this process via Java Script as a part of the same delivery system used to exploit the browser is considered more efficient as the attacker can supply a browser fingerprinting method and integrate it with exploit code, all contained in Java Script and in response to the same web page request by the browser.
- Session Credential Falsification through Prediction This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
Nessus
NASL family Fedora Local Security Checks NASL id FEDORA_2015-1465.NASL description Security fix for CVE-2013-6892 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues. last seen 2020-06-05 modified 2015-02-09 plugin id 81218 published 2015-02-09 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tenable Network Security, Inc. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/81218 title Fedora 21 : websvn-2.3.3-8.fc21 (2015-1465) code #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502 # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from Fedora Security Advisory 2015-1465. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(81218); script_version("1.3"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/06/04"); script_cve_id("CVE-2013-6892"); script_xref(name:"FEDORA", value:"2015-1465"); script_name(english:"Fedora 21 : websvn-2.3.3-8.fc21 (2015-1465)"); script_summary(english:"Checks rpm output for the updated package."); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value:"The remote Fedora host is missing a security update." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "Security fix for CVE-2013-6892 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1183632" ); # https://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-February/149406.html script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?4ab96326" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"solution", value:"Update the affected websvn package." ); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:fedoraproject:fedora:websvn"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:21"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2015/01/30"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/02/09"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tenable Network Security, Inc."); script_family(english:"Fedora Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("rpm.inc"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release"); if (isnull(release) || "Fedora" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora"); os_ver = eregmatch(pattern: "Fedora.*release ([0-9]+)", string:release); if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Fedora"); os_ver = os_ver[1]; if (! ereg(pattern:"^21([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora 21.x", "Fedora " + os_ver); if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING); cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu"); if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH); if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Fedora", cpu); flag = 0; if (rpm_check(release:"FC21", reference:"websvn-2.3.3-8.fc21")) flag++; if (flag) { if (report_verbosity > 0) security_note(port:0, extra:rpm_report_get()); else security_note(0); exit(0); } else { tested = pkg_tests_get(); if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested); else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "websvn"); }
NASL family Debian Local Security Checks NASL id DEBIAN_DLA-136.NASL description James Clawson discovered that websvn, a web viewer for Subversion repositories, would follow symlinks in a repository when presenting a file for download. An attacker with repository write access could thereby access any file on disk readable by the user the webserver runs as. NOTE: Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the DLA security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues. last seen 2020-03-17 modified 2015-03-26 plugin id 82119 published 2015-03-26 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/82119 title Debian DLA-136-1 : websvn security update code #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502 # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from Debian Security Advisory DLA-136-1. The text # itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(82119); script_version("1.4"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/12"); script_cve_id("CVE-2013-6892"); script_bugtraq_id(72301); script_name(english:"Debian DLA-136-1 : websvn security update"); script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated package."); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security update." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "James Clawson discovered that websvn, a web viewer for Subversion repositories, would follow symlinks in a repository when presenting a file for download. An attacker with repository write access could thereby access any file on disk readable by the user the webserver runs as. NOTE: Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the DLA security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2015/01/msg00010.html" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/squeeze-lts/websvn" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"solution", value:"Upgrade the affected websvn package." ); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N"); script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:websvn"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:6.0"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2015/01/24"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/03/26"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("debian_package.inc"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING); flag = 0; if (deb_check(release:"6.0", prefix:"websvn", reference:"2.3.3-1+deb6u1")) flag++; if (flag) { if (report_verbosity > 0) security_note(port:0, extra:deb_report_get()); else security_note(0); exit(0); } else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");
NASL family Debian Local Security Checks NASL id DEBIAN_DSA-3137.NASL description James Clawson discovered that websvn, a web viewer for Subversion repositories, would follow symlinks in a repository when presenting a file for download. An attacker with repository write access could thereby access any file on disk readable by the user the webserver runs as. last seen 2020-03-17 modified 2015-01-26 plugin id 80972 published 2015-01-26 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/80972 title Debian DSA-3137-1 : websvn - security update code #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502 # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from Debian Security Advisory DSA-3137. The text # itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(80972); script_version("1.4"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/12"); script_cve_id("CVE-2013-6892"); script_xref(name:"DSA", value:"3137"); script_name(english:"Debian DSA-3137-1 : websvn - security update"); script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated package"); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security-related update." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "James Clawson discovered that websvn, a web viewer for Subversion repositories, would follow symlinks in a repository when presenting a file for download. An attacker with repository write access could thereby access any file on disk readable by the user the webserver runs as." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=775682" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/wheezy/websvn" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.debian.org/security/2015/dsa-3137" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"solution", value: "Upgrade the websvn packages. For the stable distribution (wheezy), this problem has been fixed in version 2.3.3-1.1+deb7u1." ); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:websvn"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:7.0"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2015/01/24"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/01/26"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("debian_package.inc"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING); flag = 0; if (deb_check(release:"7.0", prefix:"websvn", reference:"2.3.3-1.1+deb7u1")) flag++; if (flag) { if (report_verbosity > 0) security_note(port:0, extra:deb_report_get()); else security_note(0); exit(0); } else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");
NASL family Fedora Local Security Checks NASL id FEDORA_2015-1439.NASL description Security fix for CVE-2013-6892 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues. last seen 2020-06-05 modified 2015-02-09 plugin id 81217 published 2015-02-09 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tenable Network Security, Inc. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/81217 title Fedora 20 : websvn-2.3.3-8.fc20 (2015-1439) code #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502 # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from Fedora Security Advisory 2015-1439. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(81217); script_version("1.3"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/06/04"); script_cve_id("CVE-2013-6892"); script_xref(name:"FEDORA", value:"2015-1439"); script_name(english:"Fedora 20 : websvn-2.3.3-8.fc20 (2015-1439)"); script_summary(english:"Checks rpm output for the updated package."); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value:"The remote Fedora host is missing a security update." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "Security fix for CVE-2013-6892 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1183632" ); # https://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-February/149423.html script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?5a488cac" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"solution", value:"Update the affected websvn package." ); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:fedoraproject:fedora:websvn"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:20"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2015/01/30"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/02/09"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tenable Network Security, Inc."); script_family(english:"Fedora Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("global_settings.inc"); include("rpm.inc"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release"); if (isnull(release) || "Fedora" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora"); os_ver = eregmatch(pattern: "Fedora.*release ([0-9]+)", string:release); if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Fedora"); os_ver = os_ver[1]; if (! ereg(pattern:"^20([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora 20.x", "Fedora " + os_ver); if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING); cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu"); if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH); if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Fedora", cpu); flag = 0; if (rpm_check(release:"FC20", reference:"websvn-2.3.3-8.fc20")) flag++; if (flag) { if (report_verbosity > 0) security_note(port:0, extra:rpm_report_get()); else security_note(0); exit(0); } else { tested = pkg_tests_get(); if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested); else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "websvn"); }
NASL family FreeBSD Local Security Checks NASL id FREEBSD_PKG_F69E1F09E39B11E59F775453ED2E2B49.NASL description Thijs Kinkhorst reports : James Clawson reported : last seen 2020-06-01 modified 2020-06-02 plugin id 89710 published 2016-03-07 reporter This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2018 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. source https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/89710 title FreeBSD : websvn -- information disclosure (f69e1f09-e39b-11e5-9f77-5453ed2e2b49) code # # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc. # # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were # extracted from the FreeBSD VuXML database : # # Copyright 2003-2018 Jacques Vidrine and contributors # # Redistribution and use in source (VuXML) and 'compiled' forms (SGML, # HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, # are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: # 1. Redistributions of source code (VuXML) must retain the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following # disclaimer as the first lines of this file unmodified. # 2. Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, # published online in any format, converted to PDF, PostScript, # RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # # THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" # AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, # THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR # PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS # BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, # OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT # OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR # BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, # WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE # OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, # EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # include("compat.inc"); if (description) { script_id(89710); script_version("2.3"); script_cvs_date("Date: 2018/12/19 13:21:18"); script_cve_id("CVE-2013-6892"); script_name(english:"FreeBSD : websvn -- information disclosure (f69e1f09-e39b-11e5-9f77-5453ed2e2b49)"); script_summary(english:"Checks for updated package in pkg_info output"); script_set_attribute( attribute:"synopsis", value:"The remote FreeBSD host is missing a security-related update." ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"description", value: "Thijs Kinkhorst reports : James Clawson reported : 'Arbitrary files with a known path can be accessed in websvn by committing a symlink to a repository and then downloading the file (using the download link). An attacker must have write access to the repo, and the download option must have been enabled in the websvn config file.'" ); # https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2013-6892 script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6892" ); script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=775682" ); # https://vuxml.freebsd.org/freebsd/f69e1f09-e39b-11e5-9f77-5453ed2e2b49.html script_set_attribute( attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?f2b7a44c" ); script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:"Update the affected package."); script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:freebsd:freebsd:websvn"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:freebsd:freebsd"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2015/01/18"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/03/06"); script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/03/07"); script_end_attributes(); script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO); script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2018 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof."); script_family(english:"FreeBSD Local Security Checks"); script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl"); script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/FreeBSD/release", "Host/FreeBSD/pkg_info"); exit(0); } include("audit.inc"); include("freebsd_package.inc"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED); if (!get_kb_item("Host/FreeBSD/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "FreeBSD"); if (!get_kb_item("Host/FreeBSD/pkg_info")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING); flag = 0; if (pkg_test(save_report:TRUE, pkg:"websvn<2.3.3_1")) flag++; if (flag) { if (report_verbosity > 0) security_note(port:0, extra:pkg_report_get()); else security_note(0); exit(0); } else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");