Vulnerabilities > CVE-2012-3446 - Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Apache Libcloud
Attack vector
NETWORK Attack complexity
HIGH Privileges required
NONE Confidentiality impact
NONE Integrity impact
HIGH Availability impact
NONE Summary
Apache Libcloud before 0.11.1 uses an incorrect regular expression during verification of whether the server hostname matches a domain name in the subject's Common Name (CN) or subjectAltName field of the X.509 certificate, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof SSL servers via a crafted certificate.
Vulnerable Configurations
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
- Creating a Rogue Certificate Authority Certificate An attacker exploits a weakness in the MD5 hash algorithm (weak collision resistance) to generate a certificate signing request (CSR) that contains collision blocks in the "to be signed" part. The attacker specially crafts two different, but valid X.509 certificates that when hashed with the MD5 algorithm would yield the same value. The attacker then sends the CSR for one of the certificates to the Certification Authority which uses the MD5 hashing algorithm. That request is completely valid and the Certificate Authority issues an X.509 certificate to the attacker which is signed with its private key. An attacker then takes that signed blob and inserts it into another X.509 certificate that the attacker generated. Due to the MD5 collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the attackers' second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority. To make the attack more interesting, the second certificate could be not just a regular certificate, but rather itself a signing certificate. Thus the attacker is able to start their own Certification Authority that is anchored in its root of trust in the legitimate Certification Authority that has signed the attackers' first X.509 certificate. If the original Certificate Authority was accepted by default by browsers, so will now the Certificate Authority set up by the attacker and of course any certificates that it signs. So the attacker is now able to generate any SSL certificates to impersonate any web server, and the user's browser will not issue any warning to the victim. This can be used to compromise HTTPS communications and other types of systems where PKI and X.509 certificates may be used (e.g., VPN, IPSec) .
Nessus
| NASL family | FreeBSD Local Security Checks |
| NASL id | FREEBSD_PKG_A14DEE30E3D711E1A08450E5492BD3DC.NASL |
| description | The libcloud development team reports : When establishing a secure (SSL / TLS) connection to a target server an invalid regular expression has been used for performing the hostname verification. Subset instead of the full target server hostname has been marked an an acceptable match for the given hostname. For example, certificate with a hostname field of |
| last seen | 2020-06-01 |
| modified | 2020-06-02 |
| plugin id | 61503 |
| published | 2012-08-13 |
| reporter | This script is Copyright (C) 2012-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof. |
| source | https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/61503 |
| title | FreeBSD : libcloud -- possible SSL MITM due to invalid regexp used to validate target server hostname (a14dee30-e3d7-11e1-a084-50e5492bd3dc) |
| code | |