Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-4461 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Apple products

047910
CVSS 9.3 - CRITICAL
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
MEDIUM
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
COMPLETE
Integrity impact
COMPLETE
Availability impact
COMPLETE
network
apple
CWE-119
critical
nessus

Summary

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, macOS Mojave 10.14.2, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2.

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
OS
Apple
388

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the attacker finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
  • Overflow Buffers
    Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an attacker. As a consequence, an attacker is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the attackers' choice.
  • Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service.
  • Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
  • MIME Conversion
    An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

Nessus

  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOS_XCODE_10_2.NASL
    descriptionThe version of Apple Xcode installed on the remote macOS or Mac OS X host is prior to 10.2. It is, therefore, affected by a memory corruption issue due to improper input checking. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application
    last seen2020-05-06
    modified2020-04-10
    plugin id135296
    published2020-04-10
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/135296
    titleApple Xcode < 10.2 Code Execution (macOS)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    
    include('compat.inc');
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(135296);
      script_version("1.3");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/05/05");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2018-4461");
      script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"HT209606");
    
      script_name(english:"Apple Xcode < 10.2 Code Execution (macOS)");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
    "An IDE application installed on the remote macOS or Mac OS X host is affected by a vulnerability.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
    "The version of Apple Xcode installed on the remote macOS or Mac OS X host is prior to 10.2. It is, therefore, affected
    by a memory corruption issue due to improper input checking. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to
    execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
    
    Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version
    number.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209606");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
    "Upgrade to Apple Xcode version 10.2 or later.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4461");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2019/03/26");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/03/26");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2020/04/10");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apple:xcode");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");
    
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
    
      script_dependencies("macosx_xcode_installed.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/MacOSX/Version", "installed_sw/Apple Xcode");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    include('vcf.inc');
    
    get_kb_item_or_exit('Host/local_checks_enabled');
    
    os = get_kb_item('Host/MacOSX/Version');
    if (empty_or_null(os))
      audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, 'macOS or Mac OS X');
    
    app_info = vcf::get_app_info(app:'Apple Xcode');
    
    vcf::check_granularity(app_info:app_info, sig_segments:2);
    
    constraints = [
      { 'fixed_version' : '10.2' }
    ];
    
    vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);
    
  • NASL familyMacOS X Local Security Checks
    NASL idMACOS_10_14_2.NASL
    descriptionThe remote host is running a version of macOS / Mac OS X that is 10.14.x prior to 10.14.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities related to the following components : - Airport - AMD - Carbon Core - Disk Images - Intel Graphics Driver - Kernel - WindowServer Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can result in arbitrary code execution.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119841
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119841
    titlemacOS 10.14.x < 10.14.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(119841);
      script_version("1.4");
      script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/31 15:18:51");
    
      script_cve_id(
        "CVE-2018-4303",
        "CVE-2018-4431",
        "CVE-2018-4434",
        "CVE-2018-4435",
        "CVE-2018-4447",
        "CVE-2018-4449",
        "CVE-2018-4450",
        "CVE-2018-4460",
        "CVE-2018-4461",
        "CVE-2018-4462",
        "CVE-2018-4463",
        "CVE-2018-4465"
      );
      script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-2");
    
      script_name(english:"macOS 10.14.x < 10.14.2 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the version of Mac OS X / macOS.");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
    "The remote host is missing a macOS update that fixes multiple security
    vulnerabilities.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
    "The remote host is running a version of macOS / Mac OS X that is
    10.14.x prior to 10.14.2. It is, therefore, affected by multiple
    vulnerabilities related to the following components :
    
      - Airport
      - AMD
      - Carbon Core
      - Disk Images
      - Intel Graphics Driver
      - Kernel
      - WindowServer
    
    Note that successful exploitation of the most serious issues can
    result in arbitrary code execution.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209341");
      # https://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2018/Dec/msg00001.html
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?9fcc92ca");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
    "Upgrade to macOS version 10.14.2 or later.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"combined");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:apple:macos");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_family(english:"MacOS X Local Security Checks");
    
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
      script_require_ports("Host/MacOSX/Version", "Host/OS");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("misc_func.inc");
    
    
    fix = "10.14.2";
    minver = "10.14";
    
    os = get_kb_item("Host/MacOSX/Version");
    if (!os)
    {
      os = get_kb_item_or_exit("Host/OS");
      if ("Mac OS X" >!< os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X");
    
      c = get_kb_item("Host/OS/Confidence");
      if (c <= 70) exit(1, "Can't determine the host's OS with sufficient confidence.");
    }
    if (!os) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "macOS / Mac OS X");
    
    matches = pregmatch(pattern:"Mac OS X ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)+)", string:os);
    if (empty_or_null(matches)) exit(1, "Failed to parse the macOS / Mac OS X version ('" + os + "').");
    
    version = matches[1];
    
    if (ver_compare(ver:version, minver:minver, fix:fix, strict:FALSE) == -1)
    {
      security_report_v4(
        port:0,
        severity:SECURITY_HOLE,
        extra:
          '\n  Installed version : ' + version +
          '\n  Fixed version     : ' + fix +
          '\n'
      );
    }
    else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, "macOS / Mac OS X", version);
    
  • NASL familyMisc.
    NASL idAPPLETV_12_1_1.NASL
    descriptionAccording to its banner, the version of Apple TV on the remote device is prior to 12.1.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as described in the HT209342 security advisory: - Multiple elevation of privilege vulnerabilities exist due to improper memory handling. An application can exploit this to gain elevated privileges. (CVE-2018-4303, CVE-2018-4435) - Multiple unspecified command execution vulnerabilities exist that allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands, sometimes with kernel privileges. (CVE-2018-4427, CVE-2018-4437, CVE-2018-4438, CVE-2018-4447, CVE-2018-4461, CVE-2018-4464, CVE-2018-4441, CVE-2018-4442, CVE-2018-4443) - An unspecified denial of service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the Kernel that allows an an attacker in a privileged position to perform a denial of service attack. (CVE-2018-4460) Additionally, the version of Apple TV is also affected by several additional vulnerabilities including cross-site scripting (XSS) and an information disclosure vulnerability. Note that only 4th generation devices are affected by these vulnerabilities.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119839
    published2018-12-21
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119839
    titleApple TV < 12.1.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(119839);
      script_version("1.4");
      script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/31 15:18:51");
    
      script_cve_id(
        "CVE-2018-4303",
        "CVE-2018-4431",
        "CVE-2018-4435",
        "CVE-2018-4436",
        "CVE-2018-4437",
        "CVE-2018-4438",
        "CVE-2018-4441",
        "CVE-2018-4442",
        "CVE-2018-4443",
        "CVE-2018-4447",
        "CVE-2018-4460",
        "CVE-2018-4461",
        "CVE-2018-4464",
        "CVE-2018-4465"
      );
      script_xref(name:"APPLE-SA", value:"APPLE-SA-2018-12-05-3");
    
      script_name(english:"Apple TV < 12.1.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the build number.");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
    "The remote Apple TV device is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
    "According to its banner, the version of Apple TV on the remote device
    is prior to 12.1.1. It is, therefore, affected by multiple
    vulnerabilities as described in the HT209342 security advisory:
    
      - Multiple elevation of privilege vulnerabilities exist due to
        improper memory handling. An application can exploit this to gain
        elevated privileges. (CVE-2018-4303, CVE-2018-4435)
    
      - Multiple unspecified command execution vulnerabilities exist that
        allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands, sometimes with
        kernel privileges. (CVE-2018-4427, CVE-2018-4437, CVE-2018-4438,
        CVE-2018-4447, CVE-2018-4461, CVE-2018-4464, CVE-2018-4441,
        CVE-2018-4442, CVE-2018-4443)
    
      - An unspecified denial of service (DoS) vulnerability exists in
        the Kernel that allows an an attacker in a privileged position to
        perform a denial of service attack. (CVE-2018-4460)
    
    Additionally, the version of Apple TV is also affected by several
    additional vulnerabilities including cross-site scripting (XSS) and
    an information disclosure vulnerability.
    
    Note that only 4th generation devices are affected by these
    vulnerabilities.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209342");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
    "Upgrade to Apple TV version 12.1.1 or later. Note that this update is
    only available for 4th and 5th generation models.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:P/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2018-4465");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/12/07");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/05");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/21");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apple:apple_tv");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_family(english:"Misc.");
    
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
    
      script_dependencies("appletv_version.nasl");
      script_require_keys("AppleTV/Version", "AppleTV/Model", "AppleTV/URL", "AppleTV/Port");
      script_require_ports("Services/www", 7000);
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("appletv_func.inc");
    
    url = get_kb_item('AppleTV/URL');
    if (empty_or_null(url)) exit(0, 'Cannot determine Apple TV URL.');
    port = get_kb_item('AppleTV/Port');
    if (empty_or_null(port)) exit(0, 'Cannot determine Apple TV port.');
    
    build = get_kb_item('AppleTV/Version');
    if (empty_or_null(build)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_DEVICE_VER, 'Apple TV');
    
    model = get_kb_item('AppleTV/Model');
    if (empty_or_null(model)) exit(0, 'Cannot determine Apple TV model.');
    
    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TvOS
    # 4th gen model "5,3" and 5th gen model "6,2" share same build
    fixed_build = "16K45";
    tvos_ver = '12.1.1';
    
    # determine gen from the model
    gen = APPLETV_MODEL_GEN[model];
    
    appletv_check_version(
      build          : build,
      fix            : fixed_build,
      affected_gen   : 4,
      fix_tvos_ver   : tvos_ver,
      model          : model,
      gen            : gen,
      port           : port,
      url            : url,
      severity       : SECURITY_HOLE
    );