Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-15727 - Improper Authentication vulnerability in multiple products

047910
CVSS 7.5 - HIGH
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
PARTIAL
Integrity impact
PARTIAL
Availability impact
PARTIAL
network
low complexity
grafana
redhat
CWE-287
nessus
metasploit

Summary

Grafana 2.x, 3.x, and 4.x before 4.6.4 and 5.x before 5.2.3 allows authentication bypass because an attacker can generate a valid "remember me" cookie knowing only a username of an LDAP or OAuth user.

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Authentication Abuse
    An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker. This attack may exploit assumptions made by the target's authentication procedures, such as assumptions regarding trust relationships or assumptions regarding the generation of secret values. This attack differs from Authentication Bypass attacks in that Authentication Abuse allows the attacker to be certified as a valid user through illegitimate means, while Authentication Bypass allows the user to access protected material without ever being certified as an authenticated user. This attack does not rely on prior sessions established by successfully authenticating users, as relied upon for the "Exploitation of Session Variables, Resource IDs and other Trusted Credentials" attack patterns.
  • Exploiting Trust in Client (aka Make the Client Invisible)
    An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by placing themselves in the communication channel between client and server such that communication directly to the server is possible where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
  • Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Register Man in the Middle
    This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to place man in the middle once SSL is terminated. Rest applications premise is that they leverage existing infrastructure to deliver web services functionality. An example of this is a Rest application that uses HTTP Get methods and receives a HTTP response with an XML document. These Rest style web services are deployed on existing infrastructure such as Apache and IIS web servers with no SOAP stack required. Unfortunately from a security standpoint, there frequently is no interoperable identity security mechanism deployed, so Rest developers often fall back to SSL to deliver security. In large data centers, SSL is typically terminated at the edge of the network - at the firewall, load balancer, or router. Once the SSL is terminated the HTTP request is in the clear (unless developers have hashed or encrypted the values, but this is rare). The attacker can utilize a sniffer such as Wireshark to snapshot the credentials, such as username and password that are passed in the clear once SSL is terminated. Once the attacker gathers these credentials, they can submit requests to the web service provider just as authorized user do. There is not typically an authentication on the client side, beyond what is passed in the request itself so once this is compromised, then this is generally sufficient to compromise the service's authentication scheme.
  • Man in the Middle Attack
    This type of attack targets the communication between two components (typically client and server). The attacker places himself in the communication channel between the two components. Whenever one component attempts to communicate with the other (data flow, authentication challenges, etc.), the data first goes to the attacker, who has the opportunity to observe or alter it, and it is then passed on to the other component as if it was never intercepted. This interposition is transparent leaving the two compromised components unaware of the potential corruption or leakage of their communications. The potential for Man-in-the-Middle attacks yields an implicit lack of trust in communication or identify between two components.

Metasploit

descriptionThis module generates a remember me cookie for a valid username. Through unpropper seeding while userdate are requested from LDAP or OAuth it's possible to craft a valid remember me cookie. This cookie can be used for bypass authentication for everyone knowing a valid username.
idMSF:AUXILIARY/ADMIN/HTTP/GRAFANA_AUTH_BYPASS
last seen2020-06-11
modified2020-04-20
published2019-07-31
references
reporterRapid7
sourcehttps://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/auxiliary/admin/http/grafana_auth_bypass.py
titleGrafana 2.0 through 5.2.2 authentication bypass for LDAP and OAuth

Nessus

  • NASL familyRed Hat Local Security Checks
    NASL idREDHAT-RHSA-2019-0019.NASL
    descriptionThe updated grafana package is now available for Red Hat Ceph Storage 3.2. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. The grafana package provides the Grafana metrics dashboard and graph editor. Security Fix(es) : * grafana: authentication bypass knowing only a username of an LDAP or OAuth user (CVE-2018-15727) For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section. Bug Fix(es) : * The grafana package has been upgraded to upstream version 5.2.4., which includes a number of bug fixes (BZ#1647494) * Shrinking the cluster size no longer causes the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard to display the error message Templating init failed (BZ#1653273)
    last seen2020-03-18
    modified2019-01-07
    plugin id120978
    published2019-01-07
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/120978
    titleRHEL 7 : grafana (RHSA-2019:0019)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were  
    # extracted from Red Hat Security Advisory RHSA-2019:0019. The text 
    # itself is copyright (C) Red Hat, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(120978);
      script_version("1.5");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/02/26");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2018-15727");
      script_xref(name:"RHSA", value:"2019:0019");
    
      script_name(english:"RHEL 7 : grafana (RHSA-2019:0019)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the rpm output for the updated package");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Red Hat host is missing a security update."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "The updated grafana package is now available for Red Hat Ceph Storage
    3.2.
    
    Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security
    impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base
    score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each
    vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.
    
    The grafana package provides the Grafana metrics dashboard and graph
    editor.
    
    Security Fix(es) :
    
    * grafana: authentication bypass knowing only a username of an LDAP or
    OAuth user (CVE-2018-15727)
    
    For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a
    CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s)
    listed in the References section.
    
    Bug Fix(es) :
    
    * The grafana package has been upgraded to upstream version 5.2.4.,
    which includes a number of bug fixes (BZ#1647494)
    
    * Shrinking the cluster size no longer causes the Red Hat Ceph Storage
    Dashboard to display the error message Templating init failed
    (BZ#1653273)"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0019"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-15727"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"solution", 
        value:"Update the affected grafana package."
      );
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:grafana");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/08/29");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/01/03");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2019/01/07");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Red Hat Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list", "Host/cpu");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("misc_func.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release");
    if (isnull(release) || "Red Hat" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Red Hat");
    os_ver = pregmatch(pattern: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux.*release ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)", string:release);
    if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Red Hat");
    os_ver = os_ver[1];
    if (! preg(pattern:"^7([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Red Hat 7.x", "Red Hat " + os_ver);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$" && "s390" >!< cpu) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Red Hat", cpu);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu) audit(AUDIT_ARCH_NOT, "x86_64", cpu);
    
    yum_updateinfo = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/yum-updateinfo");
    if (!empty_or_null(yum_updateinfo)) 
    {
      rhsa = "RHSA-2019:0019";
      yum_report = redhat_generate_yum_updateinfo_report(rhsa:rhsa);
      if (!empty_or_null(yum_report))
      {
        security_report_v4(
          port       : 0,
          severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
          extra      : yum_report 
        );
        exit(0);
      }
      else
      {
        audit_message = "affected by Red Hat security advisory " + rhsa;
        audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, audit_message);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      flag = 0;
    
      if (! (rpm_exists(release:"RHEL7", rpm:"librados2-12.*\.el7cp"))) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "Ceph Storage");
    
      if (rpm_check(release:"RHEL7", cpu:"x86_64", reference:"grafana-5.2.4-1.el7")) flag++;
    
      if (flag)
      {
        security_report_v4(
          port       : 0,
          severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
          extra      : rpm_report_get() + redhat_report_package_caveat()
        );
        exit(0);
      }
      else
      {
        tested = pkg_tests_get();
        if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
        else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "grafana");
      }
    }
    
  • NASL familyRed Hat Local Security Checks
    NASL idREDHAT-RHSA-2018-3829.NASL
    descriptionUpdated packages are now available for Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.4 Web Administration on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Red Hat Gluster Storage Web Administration includes a fully automated setup based on Ansible and provides deep metrics and insights into active Gluster storage pools by using the Grafana platform. Red Hat Gluster Storage Web Administration provides a dashboard view which allows an administrator to get a view of overall gluster health in terms of hosts, volumes, bricks, and other components of GlusterFS. Security Fix(es) : * grafana: authentication bypass knowing only a username of an LDAP or OAuth user (CVE-2018-15727) For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section. All users of Red Hat Gluster Storage Web Administration are advised to upgrade to these updated packages, which provide numerous bug fixes.
    last seen2020-03-28
    modified2018-12-17
    plugin id119705
    published2018-12-17
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119705
    titleRHEL 7 : RHGS WA (RHSA-2018:3829)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were  
    # extracted from Red Hat Security Advisory RHSA-2018:3829. The text 
    # itself is copyright (C) Red Hat, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(119705);
      script_version("1.6");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/27");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2018-15727");
      script_xref(name:"RHSA", value:"2018:3829");
    
      script_name(english:"RHEL 7 : RHGS WA (RHSA-2018:3829)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the rpm output for the updated packages");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Red Hat host is missing one or more security updates."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "Updated packages are now available for Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.4 Web
    Administration on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
    
    Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security
    impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base
    score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each
    vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.
    
    Red Hat Gluster Storage Web Administration includes a fully automated
    setup based on Ansible and provides deep metrics and insights into
    active Gluster storage pools by using the Grafana platform. Red Hat
    Gluster Storage Web Administration provides a dashboard view which
    allows an administrator to get a view of overall gluster health in
    terms of hosts, volumes, bricks, and other components of GlusterFS.
    
    Security Fix(es) :
    
    * grafana: authentication bypass knowing only a username of an LDAP or
    OAuth user (CVE-2018-15727)
    
    For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a
    CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s)
    listed in the References section.
    
    All users of Red Hat Gluster Storage Web Administration are advised to
    upgrade to these updated packages, which provide numerous bug fixes."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3829"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-15727"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"solution", 
        value:
    "Update the affected tendrl-gluster-integration and / or
    tendrl-node-agent packages."
      );
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:tendrl-gluster-integration");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:tendrl-node-agent");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/08/29");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/17");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/17");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Red Hat Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list", "Host/cpu");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("misc_func.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release");
    if (isnull(release) || "Red Hat" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Red Hat");
    os_ver = pregmatch(pattern: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux.*release ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)", string:release);
    if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Red Hat");
    os_ver = os_ver[1];
    if (! preg(pattern:"^7([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Red Hat 7.x", "Red Hat " + os_ver);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$" && "s390" >!< cpu) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Red Hat", cpu);
    
    yum_updateinfo = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/yum-updateinfo");
    if (!empty_or_null(yum_updateinfo)) 
    {
      rhsa = "RHSA-2018:3829";
      yum_report = redhat_generate_yum_updateinfo_report(rhsa:rhsa);
      if (!empty_or_null(yum_report))
      {
        security_report_v4(
          port       : 0,
          severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
          extra      : yum_report 
        );
        exit(0);
      }
      else
      {
        audit_message = "affected by Red Hat security advisory " + rhsa;
        audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, audit_message);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      flag = 0;
      if (rpm_check(release:"RHEL7", reference:"tendrl-gluster-integration-1.6.3-13.el7")) flag++;
      if (rpm_check(release:"RHEL7", reference:"tendrl-node-agent-1.6.3-11.el7")) flag++;
    
      if (flag)
      {
        security_report_v4(
          port       : 0,
          severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
          extra      : rpm_report_get() + redhat_report_package_caveat()
        );
        exit(0);
      }
      else
      {
        tested = pkg_tests_get();
        if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
        else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "tendrl-gluster-integration / tendrl-node-agent");
      }
    }
    

Redhat

advisories
  • rhsa
    idRHSA-2018:3829
  • rhsa
    idRHSA-2019:0019
rpms
  • grafana-0:4.6.4-1.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-ansible-0:1.6.3-10.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-api-0:1.6.3-8.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-api-httpd-0:1.6.3-8.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-gluster-integration-0:1.6.3-13.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-grafana-plugins-0:1.6.3-16.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-monitoring-integration-0:1.6.3-16.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-node-agent-0:1.6.3-11.el7rhgs
  • tendrl-ui-0:1.6.3-14.el7rhgs
  • grafana-0:5.2.4-1.el7cp