Vulnerabilities > CVE-2018-14655 - Cross-site Scripting vulnerability in Redhat Keycloak and Single Sign-On

047910
CVSS 3.5 - LOW
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
MEDIUM
Privileges required
SINGLE
Confidentiality impact
NONE
Integrity impact
PARTIAL
Availability impact
NONE
network
redhat
CWE-79
nessus

Summary

A flaw was found in Keycloak 3.4.3.Final, 4.0.0.Beta2, 4.3.0.Final. When using 'response_mode=form_post' it is possible to inject arbitrary Javascript-Code via the 'state'-parameter in the authentication URL. This allows an XSS-Attack upon succesfully login.

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Cross Site Scripting through Log Files
    An attacker may leverage a system weakness where logs are susceptible to log injection to insert scripts into the system's logs. If these logs are later viewed by an administrator through a thin administrative interface and the log data is not properly HTML encoded before being written to the page, the attackers' scripts stored in the log will be executed in the administrative interface with potentially serious consequences. This attack pattern is really a combination of two other attack patterns: log injection and stored cross site scripting.
  • Embedding Scripts in Non-Script Elements
    This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an attacker to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote attacker to collect and interpret the output of said attack.
  • Embedding Scripts within Scripts
    An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts. The attacker leverages this capability to execute scripts to execute his/her own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute. The attacker must have the ability to inject script into script that is likely to be executed. If this is done, then the attacker can potentially launch a variety of probes and attacks against the web server's local environment, in many cases the so-called DMZ, back end resources the web server can communicate with, and other hosts. With the proliferation of intermediaries, such as Web App Firewalls, network devices, and even printers having JVMs and Web servers, there are many locales where an attacker can inject malicious scripts. Since this attack pattern defines scripts within scripts, there are likely privileges to execute said attack on the host. Of course, these attacks are not solely limited to the server side, client side scripts like Ajax and client side JavaScript can contain malicious scripts as well. In general all that is required is for there to be sufficient privileges to execute a script, but not protected against writing.
  • Cross-Site Scripting in Error Pages
    An attacker distributes a link (or possibly some other query structure) with a request to a third party web server that is malformed and also contains a block of exploit code in order to have the exploit become live code in the resulting error page. When the third party web server receives the crafted request and notes the error it then creates an error message that echoes the malformed message, including the exploit. Doing this converts the exploit portion of the message into to valid language elements that are executed by the viewing browser. When a victim executes the query provided by the attacker the infected error message error message is returned including the exploit code which then runs in the victim's browser. XSS can result in execution of code as well as data leakage (e.g. session cookies can be sent to the attacker). This type of attack is especially dangerous since the exploit appears to come from the third party web server, who the victim may trust and hence be more vulnerable to deception.
  • Cross-Site Scripting Using Alternate Syntax
    The attacker uses alternate forms of keywords or commands that result in the same action as the primary form but which may not be caught by filters. For example, many keywords are processed in a case insensitive manner. If the site's web filtering algorithm does not convert all tags into a consistent case before the comparison with forbidden keywords it is possible to bypass filters (e.g., incomplete black lists) by using an alternate case structure. For example, the "script" tag using the alternate forms of "Script" or "ScRiPt" may bypass filters where "script" is the only form tested. Other variants using different syntax representations are also possible as well as using pollution meta-characters or entities that are eventually ignored by the rendering engine. The attack can result in the execution of otherwise prohibited functionality.

Nessus

  • NASL familyRed Hat Local Security Checks
    NASL idREDHAT-RHSA-2018-3592.NASL
    descriptionNew Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 packages are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2 is a standalone server, based on the Keycloak project, that provides authentication and standards-based single sign-on capabilities for web and mobile applications. This release of Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 serves as a replacement for Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.4, and includes bug fixes and enhancements, which are documented in the Release Notes document linked to in the References. Security Fix(es) : * keycloak: auth permitted with expired certs in SAML client (CVE-2018-10894) * keycloak: XSS-Vulnerability with response_mode=form_post (CVE-2018-14655) * keycloak: Open Redirect in Login and Logout (CVE-2018-14658) * keycloak: brute force protection not working for the entire login workflow (CVE-2018-14657) For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section. The CVE-2018-10894 issue was discovered by Benjamin Berg (Red Hat).
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id118949
    published2018-11-14
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/118949
    titleRHEL 6 : Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 on RHEL 6 (RHSA-2018:3592)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were  
    # extracted from Red Hat Security Advisory RHSA-2018:3592. The text 
    # itself is copyright (C) Red Hat, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(118949);
      script_version("1.8");
      script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/10/24 15:35:46");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2018-10894", "CVE-2018-14637", "CVE-2018-14655", "CVE-2018-14657", "CVE-2018-14658");
      script_xref(name:"RHSA", value:"2018:3592");
    
      script_name(english:"RHEL 6 : Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 on RHEL 6 (RHSA-2018:3592)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the rpm output for the updated packages");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Red Hat host is missing one or more security updates."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "New Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 packages are now available for Red
    Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
    
    Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security
    impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base
    score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each
    vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.
    
    Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2 is a standalone server, based on the
    Keycloak project, that provides authentication and standards-based
    single sign-on capabilities for web and mobile applications.
    
    This release of Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 serves as a replacement
    for Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.4, and includes bug fixes and
    enhancements, which are documented in the Release Notes document
    linked to in the References.
    
    Security Fix(es) :
    
    * keycloak: auth permitted with expired certs in SAML client
    (CVE-2018-10894)
    
    * keycloak: XSS-Vulnerability with response_mode=form_post
    (CVE-2018-14655)
    
    * keycloak: Open Redirect in Login and Logout (CVE-2018-14658)
    
    * keycloak: brute force protection not working for the entire login
    workflow (CVE-2018-14657)
    
    For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a
    CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s)
    listed in the References section.
    
    The CVE-2018-10894 issue was discovered by Benjamin Berg (Red Hat)."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_single_sign_on/?"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3592"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-10894"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-14637"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-14655"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-14657"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-14658"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"solution", 
        value:
    "Update the affected rh-sso7-keycloak and / or rh-sso7-keycloak-server
    packages."
      );
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:rh-sso7-keycloak");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:rh-sso7-keycloak-server");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2018/08/01");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/11/13");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/11/14");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Red Hat Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list", "Host/cpu");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("misc_func.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release");
    if (isnull(release) || "Red Hat" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Red Hat");
    os_ver = pregmatch(pattern: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux.*release ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?)", string:release);
    if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Red Hat");
    os_ver = os_ver[1];
    if (! preg(pattern:"^6([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Red Hat 6.x", "Red Hat " + os_ver);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$" && "s390" >!< cpu) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Red Hat", cpu);
    
    yum_updateinfo = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/yum-updateinfo");
    if (!empty_or_null(yum_updateinfo)) 
    {
      rhsa = "RHSA-2018:3592";
      yum_report = redhat_generate_yum_updateinfo_report(rhsa:rhsa);
      if (!empty_or_null(yum_report))
      {
        security_report_v4(
          port       : 0,
          severity   : SECURITY_WARNING,
          extra      : yum_report 
        );
        exit(0);
      }
      else
      {
        audit_message = "affected by Red Hat security advisory " + rhsa;
        audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, audit_message);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      flag = 0;
      if (rpm_check(release:"RHEL6", reference:"rh-sso7-keycloak-3.4.14-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.jbcs.el6")) flag++;
      if (rpm_check(release:"RHEL6", reference:"rh-sso7-keycloak-server-3.4.14-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.jbcs.el6")) flag++;
    
      if (flag)
      {
        security_report_v4(
          port       : 0,
          severity   : SECURITY_WARNING,
          extra      : rpm_report_get() + redhat_report_package_caveat()
        );
        exit(0);
      }
      else
      {
        tested = pkg_tests_get();
        if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
        else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "rh-sso7-keycloak / rh-sso7-keycloak-server");
      }
    }
    
  • NASL familyRed Hat Local Security Checks
    NASL idREDHAT-RHSA-2018-3593.NASL
    descriptionNew Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 packages are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2 is a standalone server, based on the Keycloak project, that provides authentication and standards-based single sign-on capabilities for web and mobile applications. This release of Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 serves as a replacement for Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.4, and includes bug fixes and enhancements, which are documented in the Release Notes document linked to in the References. Security Fix(es) : * keycloak: auth permitted with expired certs in SAML client (CVE-2018-10894) * keycloak: XSS-Vulnerability with response_mode=form_post (CVE-2018-14655) * keycloak: Open Redirect in Login and Logout (CVE-2018-14658) * keycloak: brute force protection not working for the entire login workflow (CVE-2018-14657) For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section. The CVE-2018-10894 issue was discovered by Benjamin Berg (Red Hat).
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id118950
    published2018-11-14
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/118950
    titleRHEL 7 : Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.2.5 on RHEL 7 (RHSA-2018:3593)

Redhat

advisories
  • rhsa
    idRHSA-2018:3592
  • rhsa
    idRHSA-2018:3593
  • rhsa
    idRHSA-2018:3595
rpms
  • rh-sso7-keycloak-0:3.4.14-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.jbcs.el6
  • rh-sso7-keycloak-server-0:3.4.14-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.jbcs.el6
  • rh-sso7-keycloak-0:3.4.14-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.jbcs.el7
  • rh-sso7-keycloak-server-0:3.4.14-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.jbcs.el7