Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-7798 - Inadequate Encryption Strength vulnerability in multiple products

047910
CVSS 5.0 - MEDIUM
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
PARTIAL
Integrity impact
NONE
Availability impact
NONE
network
low complexity
ruby-lang
debian
CWE-326
nessus

Summary

The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Brute Force
    In this attack, some asset (information, functionality, identity, etc.) is protected by a finite secret value. The attacker attempts to gain access to this asset by using trial-and-error to exhaustively explore all the possible secret values in the hope of finding the secret (or a value that is functionally equivalent) that will unlock the asset. Examples of secrets can include, but are not limited to, passwords, encryption keys, database lookup keys, and initial values to one-way functions. The key factor in this attack is the attackers' ability to explore the possible secret space rapidly. This, in turn, is a function of the size of the secret space and the computational power the attacker is able to bring to bear on the problem. If the attacker has modest resources and the secret space is large, the challenge facing the attacker is intractable. While the defender cannot control the resources available to an attacker, they can control the size of the secret space. Creating a large secret space involves selecting one's secret from as large a field of equally likely alternative secrets as possible and ensuring that an attacker is unable to reduce the size of this field using available clues or cryptanalysis. Doing this is more difficult than it sounds since elimination of patterns (which, in turn, would provide an attacker clues that would help them reduce the space of potential secrets) is difficult to do using deterministic machines, such as computers. Assuming a finite secret space, a brute force attack will eventually succeed. The defender must rely on making sure that the time and resources necessary to do so will exceed the value of the information. For example, a secret space that will likely take hundreds of years to explore is likely safe from raw-brute force attacks.
  • Encryption Brute Forcing
    An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

Nessus

  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2019-2230.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the versions of the ruby packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerabilities : - The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.(CVE-2016-7798) - Ruby before 2.2.10, 2.3.x before 2.3.7, 2.4.x before 2.4.4, 2.5.x before 2.5.1, and 2.6.0-preview1 allows an HTTP Response Splitting attack. An attacker can inject a crafted key and value into an HTTP response for the HTTP server of WEBrick.(CVE-2017-17742) - RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a Directory Traversal vulnerability in install_location function of package.rb that can result in path traversal when writing to a symlinked basedir outside of the root. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.(CVE-2018-1000073) - RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in owner command that can result in code execution. This attack appear to be exploitable via victim must run the `gem owner` command on a gem with a specially crafted YAML file. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.(CVE-2018-1000074) - RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a Improper Input Validation vulnerability in ruby gems specification homepage attribute that can result in a malicious gem could set an invalid homepage URL. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.(CVE-2018-1000077) - RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in gem server display of homepage attribute that can result in XSS. This attack appear to be exploitable via the victim must browse to a malicious gem on a vulnerable gem server. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.(CVE-2018-1000078) - RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a Directory Traversal vulnerability in gem installation that can result in the gem could write to arbitrary filesystem locations during installation. This attack appear to be exploitable via the victim must install a malicious gem. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.(CVE-2018-1000079) Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-05-08
    modified2019-11-08
    plugin id130692
    published2019-11-08
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/130692
    titleEulerOS 2.0 SP5 : ruby (EulerOS-SA-2019-2230)
  • NASL familyFedora Local Security Checks
    NASL idFEDORA_2017-F16BA664E7.NASL
    descriptionFix IV Reuse in GCM Mode. Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora update system website. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-06-05
    modified2017-08-11
    plugin id102405
    published2017-08-11
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2017-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/102405
    titleFedora 24 : ruby (2017-f16ba664e7)
  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2019-1868.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the version of the ruby packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerability : - The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.(CVE-2016-7798) Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-05-08
    modified2019-09-17
    plugin id128920
    published2019-09-17
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/128920
    titleEulerOS 2.0 SP2 : ruby (EulerOS-SA-2019-1868)
  • NASL familyFedora Local Security Checks
    NASL idFEDORA_2017-7FAA3D2E78.NASL
    descriptionFix IV Reuse in GCM Mode. Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora update system website. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-06-05
    modified2017-08-07
    plugin id102212
    published2017-08-07
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2017-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/102212
    titleFedora 25 : ruby (2017-7faa3d2e78)
  • NASL familyUbuntu Local Security Checks
    NASL idUBUNTU_USN-3365-1.NASL
    descriptionIt was discovered that Ruby DL::dlopen incorrectly handled opening libraries. An attacker could possibly use this issue to open libraries with tainted names. This issue only applied to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2009-5147) Tony Arcieri, Jeffrey Walton, and Steffan Ullrich discovered that the Ruby OpenSSL extension incorrectly handled hostname wildcard matching. This issue only applied to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2015-1855) Christian Hofstaedtler discovered that Ruby Fiddle::Handle incorrectly handled certain crafted strings. An attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. This issue only applied to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2015-7551) It was discovered that Ruby Net::SMTP incorrectly handled CRLF sequences. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to inject SMTP commands. (CVE-2015-9096) Marcin Noga discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain arguments in a TclTkIp class method. An attacker could possibly use this issue to execute arbitrary code. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2016-2337) It was discovered that Ruby Fiddle::Function.new incorrectly handled certain arguments. An attacker could possibly use this issue to execute arbitrary code. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2016-2339) It was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled the initialization vector (IV) in GCM mode. An attacker could possibly use this issue to bypass encryption. (CVE-2016-7798). Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id101974
    published2017-07-26
    reporterUbuntu Security Notice (C) 2017-2019 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2017-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/101974
    titleUbuntu 14.04 LTS / 16.04 LTS / 17.04 : ruby1.9.1, ruby2.0, ruby2.3 vulnerabilities (USN-3365-1)
  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DSA-3966.NASL
    descriptionMultiple vulnerabilities were discovered in the interpreter for the Ruby language : - CVE-2015-9096 SMTP command injection in Net::SMTP. - CVE-2016-7798 Incorrect handling of initialization vector in the GCM mode in the OpenSSL extension. - CVE-2017-0900 Denial of service in the RubyGems client. - CVE-2017-0901 Potential file overwrite in the RubyGems client. - CVE-2017-0902 DNS hijacking in the RubyGems client. - CVE-2017-14064 Heap memory disclosure in the JSON library.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id102964
    published2017-09-06
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2017-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/102964
    titleDebian DSA-3966-1 : ruby2.3 - security update
  • NASL familyAmazon Linux Local Security Checks
    NASL idALA_ALAS-2017-880.NASL
    descriptionIV Reuse in GCM Mode : The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism. (CVE-2016-7798)
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id102868
    published2017-09-01
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/102868
    titleAmazon Linux AMI : ruby23 (ALAS-2017-880)
  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2020-1432.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the version of the ruby packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerability : - The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.(CVE-2016-7798) Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-05-06
    modified2020-04-15
    plugin id135561
    published2020-04-15
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/135561
    titleEulerOS 2.0 SP3 : ruby (EulerOS-SA-2020-1432)
  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2020-1195.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the versions of the ruby packages installed, the EulerOS Virtualization for ARM 64 installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerabilities : - An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A SIGSEGV occurs in left_adjust_char_head() during regular expression compilation. Invalid handling of reg->dmax in forward_search_range() could result in an invalid pointer dereference, normally as an immediate denial-of-service condition.(CVE-2017-9229) - An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A stack out-of-bounds read occurs in mbc_enc_len() during regular expression searching. Invalid handling of reg->dmin in forward_search_range() could result in an invalid pointer dereference, as an out-of-bounds read from a stack buffer.(CVE-2017-9227) - An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A heap out-of-bounds write occurs in bitset_set_range() during regular expression compilation due to an uninitialized variable from an incorrect state transition. An incorrect state transition in parse_char_class() could create an execution path that leaves a critical local variable uninitialized until it
    last seen2020-03-19
    modified2020-03-13
    plugin id134484
    published2020-03-13
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/134484
    titleEulerOS Virtualization for ARM 64 3.0.2.0 : ruby (EulerOS-SA-2020-1195)
  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DLA-1421.NASL
    descriptionMultiple vulnerabilities were found in the interpreter for the Ruby language. The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures project identifies the following issues : CVE-2015-9096 SMTP command injection in Net::SMTP via CRLF sequences in a RCPT TO or MAIL FROM command. CVE-2016-2339 Exploitable heap overflow in Fiddle::Function.new. CVE-2016-7798 Incorrect handling of initialization vector in the GCM mode in the OpenSSL extension. CVE-2017-0898 Buffer underrun vulnerability in Kernel.sprintf. CVE-2017-0899 ANSI escape sequence vulnerability in RubyGems. CVE-2017-0900 DoS vulnerability in the RubyGems query command. CVE-2017-0901 gem installer allowed a malicious gem to overwrite arbitrary files. CVE-2017-0902 RubyGems DNS request hijacking vulnerability. CVE-2017-0903 Max Justicz reported that RubyGems is prone to an unsafe object deserialization vulnerability. When parsed by an application which processes gems, a specially crafted YAML formatted gem specification can lead to remote code execution. CVE-2017-10784 Yusuke Endoh discovered an escape sequence injection vulnerability in the Basic authentication of WEBrick. An attacker can take advantage of this flaw to inject malicious escape sequences to the WEBrick log and potentially execute control characters on the victim
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id111081
    published2018-07-16
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/111081
    titleDebian DLA-1421-1 : ruby2.1 security update
  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2020-1443.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the versions of the ruby packages installed, the EulerOS Virtualization installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerabilities : - An issue was discovered in RubyGems 2.6 and later through 3.0.2. Since Gem::UserInteraction#verbose calls say without escaping, escape sequence injection is possible.(CVE-2019-8321) - An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A SIGSEGV occurs in left_adjust_char_head() during regular expression compilation. Invalid handling of reg->dmax in forward_search_range() could result in an invalid pointer dereference, normally as an immediate denial-of-service condition.(CVE-2017-9229) - An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A stack out-of-bounds read occurs in mbc_enc_len() during regular expression searching. Invalid handling of reg->dmin in forward_search_range() could result in an invalid pointer dereference, as an out-of-bounds read from a stack buffer.(CVE-2017-9227) - An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A heap out-of-bounds write occurs in bitset_set_range() during regular expression compilation due to an uninitialized variable from an incorrect state transition. An incorrect state transition in parse_char_class() could create an execution path that leaves a critical local variable uninitialized until it
    last seen2020-04-30
    modified2020-04-16
    plugin id135605
    published2020-04-16
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/135605
    titleEulerOS Virtualization 3.0.2.2 : ruby (EulerOS-SA-2020-1443)