Vulnerabilities > CVE-2016-3213 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls vulnerability in Microsoft products

047910
CVSS 9.3 - CRITICAL
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
MEDIUM
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
COMPLETE
Integrity impact
COMPLETE
Availability impact
COMPLETE
network
microsoft
CWE-264
critical
nessus
metasploit
NVD
Published: 2016-06-16
Updated: 2018-10-12

Summary

The Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) protocol implementation in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows 10 Gold and 1511, and Internet Explorer 9 through 11 has an improper fallback mechanism, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges via NetBIOS name responses, aka "WPAD Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

Vulnerable Configurations

Part Description Count
Application
Microsoft
3
OS
Microsoft
10

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Accessing, Modifying or Executing Executable Files
    An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an attacker to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an attacker to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
  • Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
    An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files, when the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high. The attack can be directed at a client system, such as causing buffer overrun through loading seemingly benign image files, as in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS04-028 where specially crafted JPEG files could cause a buffer overrun once loaded into the browser. Another example targets clients reading pdf files. In this case the attacker simply appends javascript to the end of a legitimate url for a pdf (http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/danger-danger-danger/) http://path/to/pdf/file.pdf#whatever_name_you_want=javascript:your_code_here The client assumes that they are reading a pdf, but the attacker has modified the resource and loaded executable javascript into the client's browser process. The attack can also target server processes. The attacker edits the resource or configuration file, for example a web.xml file used to configure security permissions for a J2EE app server, adding role name "public" grants all users with the public role the ability to use the administration functionality. The server trusts its configuration file to be correct, but when they are manipulated, the attacker gains full control.
  • Blue Boxing
    This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
  • Restful Privilege Elevation
    Rest uses standard HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permissions methods, but these are not necessarily correlated generally with back end programs. Strict interpretation of HTTP get methods means that these HTTP Get services should not be used to delete information on the server, but there is no access control mechanism to back up this logic. This means that unless the services are properly ACL'd and the application's service implementation are following these guidelines then an HTTP request can easily execute a delete or update on the server side. The attacker identifies a HTTP Get URL such as http://victimsite/updateOrder, which calls out to a program to update orders on a database or other resource. The URL is not idempotent so the request can be submitted multiple times by the attacker, additionally, the attacker may be able to exploit the URL published as a Get method that actually performs updates (instead of merely retrieving data). This may result in malicious or inadvertent altering of data on the server.
  • Target Programs with Elevated Privileges
    This attack targets programs running with elevated privileges. The attacker would try to leverage a bug in the running program and get arbitrary code to execute with elevated privileges. For instance an attacker would look for programs that write to the system directories or registry keys (such as HKLM, which stores a number of critical Windows environment variables). These programs are typically running with elevated privileges and have usually not been designed with security in mind. Such programs are excellent exploit targets because they yield lots of power when they break. The malicious user try to execute its code at the same level as a privileged system call.

Metasploit

descriptionThis module listens for a NetBIOS name request and then continuously spams NetBIOS responses to a target for given hostname, causing the target to cache a malicious address for this name. On high-speed networks, the PPSRATE value should be increased to speed up this attack. As an example, a value of around 30,000 is almost 100% successful when spoofing a response for a 'WPAD' lookup. Distant targets may require more time and lower rates for a successful attack. This module works when the target is behind a NAT gateway, since the stream of NetBIOS responses will keep the NAT mapping alive after the initial setup. To trigger the initial NetBIOS request to the Metasploit system, force the target to access a UNC link pointing to the same address (HTML, Office attachment, etc). This NAT-piercing issue was named the 'BadTunnel' vulnerability by the discoverer, Yu Yang (@tombkeeper). The Microsoft patches (MS16-063/MS16-077) impact the way that the proxy host (WPAD) host is identified, but do change the predictability of NetBIOS requests.
idMSF:AUXILIARY/SERVER/NETBIOS_SPOOF_NAT
last seen2020-06-10
modified2020-05-12
published2016-06-19
references
reporterRapid7
sourcehttps://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/auxiliary/server/netbios_spoof_nat.rb
titleNetBIOS Response "BadTunnel" Brute Force Spoof (NAT Tunnel)

Msbulletin

  • bulletin_idMS16-063
    bulletin_url
    date2016-06-14T00:00:00
    impactRemote Code Execution
    knowledgebase_id3163649
    knowledgebase_url
    severityCritical
    titleCumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer
  • bulletin_idMS16-077
    bulletin_url
    date2016-06-14T00:00:00
    impactElevation of Privilege
    knowledgebase_id3165191
    knowledgebase_url
    severityImportant
    titleSecurity Update for WPAD

Nessus

  • NASL familyWindows : Microsoft Bulletins
    NASL idSMB_NT_MS16-063.NASL
    descriptionThe version of Internet Explorer installed on the remote host is missing Cumulative Security Update 3163649. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities, the majority of which are remote code execution vulnerabilities. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit these issues by convincing a user to visit a specially crafted website, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code in the context of the current user.
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id91596
    published2016-06-14
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/91596
    titleMS16-063: Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer (3163649)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(91596);
  script_version("1.12");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/19");

  script_cve_id(
    "CVE-2016-0199",
    "CVE-2016-0200",
    "CVE-2016-3202",
    "CVE-2016-3205",
    "CVE-2016-3206",
    "CVE-2016-3207",
    "CVE-2016-3210",
    "CVE-2016-3211",
    "CVE-2016-3212",
    "CVE-2016-3213"
  );
  script_bugtraq_id(
    91101,
    91102,
    91103,
    91108,
    91109,
    91110,
    91111,
    91112
  );
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS16-063");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3160005");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3163017");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3163018");

  script_name(english:"MS16-063: Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer (3163649)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of mshtml.dll.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host has a web browser installed that is affected by
multiple vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The version of Internet Explorer installed on the remote host is
missing Cumulative Security Update 3163649. It is, therefore, affected
by multiple vulnerabilities, the majority of which are remote code
execution vulnerabilities. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can
exploit these issues by convincing a user to visit a specially crafted
website, resulting in the execution of arbitrary code in the context
of the current user.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/SecurityBulletins/2016/ms16-063");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Microsoft has released a set of patches for Internet Explorer 9, 10,
and 11.

Note that the security update in MS16-077 must also be installed in
order to fully resolve CVE-2016-3213.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-3213");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_malware", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:microsoft:windows");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:ie");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Windows : Microsoft Bulletins");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("smb_hotfixes.nasl", "ms_bulletin_checks_possible.nasl", "smb_nt_ms16-077.nasl");
  script_require_keys("SMB/MS_Bulletin_Checks/Possible");
  script_require_ports(139, 445, "Host/patch_management_checks");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("smb_hotfixes_fcheck.inc");
include("smb_hotfixes.inc");
include("smb_func.inc");
include("smb_reg_query.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/MS_Bulletin_Checks/Possible");

bulletin = 'MS16-063';
kbs = make_list('3160005', '3163017', '3163018');

if (get_kb_item("Host/patch_management_checks")) hotfix_check_3rd_party(bulletin:bulletin, kbs:kbs, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);

get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/Registry/Enumerated");
get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/WindowsVersion", exit_code:1);

if (hotfix_check_sp_range(vista:'2', win7:'1', win8:'0',  win81:'0', win10:'0') <= 0) audit(AUDIT_OS_SP_NOT_VULN);

productname = get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/ProductName", exit_code:1);
if ("Windows 8" >< productname && "8.1" >!< productname)
 audit(AUDIT_OS_SP_NOT_VULN);

if (hotfix_check_server_core() == 1) audit(AUDIT_WIN_SERVER_CORE);

share = hotfix_get_systemdrive(as_share:TRUE, exit_on_fail:TRUE);
if (!is_accessible_share(share:share)) audit(AUDIT_SHARE_FAIL, share);

vuln = 0;

if (
  # Windows 10
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"10", sp:0, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"11.0.10586.420", min_version:"11.0.10586.0", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3163018") ||
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"10", sp:0, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"11.0.10240.16942", min_version:"11.0.10240.16000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3163017") ||

  # Windows 8.1 / Windows Server 2012 R2
  # Internet Explorer 11
   hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.3", sp:0, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"11.0.9600.18349", min_version:"11.0.9600.17000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3160005") ||

  # Windows Server 2012
  # Internet Explorer 10
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.2", sp:0, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"10.0.9200.21860", min_version:"10.0.9200.16000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3160005") ||

  # Windows 7 / Server 2008 R2
  # Internet Explorer 11
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.1", sp:1, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"11.0.9600.18349", min_version:"11.0.9600.17000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3160005") ||

  # Vista / Windows Server 2008
  # Internet Explorer 9
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.0", sp:2, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"9.0.8112.20904", min_version:"9.0.8112.20000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3160005") ||
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.0", sp:2, file:"mshtml.dll", version:"9.0.8112.16789", min_version:"9.0.8112.16000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3160005")
)
  vuln++;

# To be fully protected against CVE-2016-3213 , the
# update for MS16-077 must be installed.
if (get_kb_item("SMB/Missing/MS16-077"))
{
  hotfix_add_report('\nThe remote host is missing MS16-077.');
  vuln++;
}

if (vuln)
{
  set_kb_item(name:'SMB/Missing/'+bulletin, value:TRUE);
  hotfix_security_hole();
  hotfix_check_fversion_end();
}
else
{
  hotfix_check_fversion_end();
  audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');
}
  • NASL familyWindows : Microsoft Bulletins
    NASL idSMB_NT_MS16-077.NASL
    descriptionThe remote Windows host is missing a security update. It is, therefore, affected by multiple elevation of privilege vulnerabilities : - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) protocol due to improper handling of the proxy discovery process. A remote attacker can exploit this, by responding to NetBIOS name requests for WPAD, to bypass security restrictions and gain elevated privileges. (CVE-2016-3213) - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) protocol due to improper handling of certain proxy discovery scenarios. A remote attacker can exploit this to elevate privileges, resulting in the ability to disclose or control network traffic. (CVE-2016-3236) - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in NetBIOS due to improper handling of responses. A remote attacker can exploit this, via specially crafted NetBIOS responses, to appear as a trusted network device, resulting in the ability to render untrusted content in a browser outside of Enhanced Protected Mode (EPM) or an application container. (CVE-2016-3299)
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id91605
    published2016-06-14
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/91605
    titleMS16-077: Security Update for WPAD (3165191)
    code
    #
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include("compat.inc");

if (description)
{
  script_id(91605);
  script_version("1.12");
  script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/11/19");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2016-3213", "CVE-2016-3236", "CVE-2016-3299");
  script_bugtraq_id(91111, 91114, 92387);
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS16-077");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3163017");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3161949");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"3163018");
  script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2016-A-0157");

  script_name(english:"MS16-077: Security Update for WPAD (3165191)");
  script_summary(english:"Checks the version of mswsock.dll.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote host is affected by multiple elevation of privilege
vulnerabilities.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote Windows host is missing a security update. It is,
therefore, affected by multiple elevation of privilege
vulnerabilities :

  - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the
    Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) protocol due to improper
    handling of the proxy discovery process. A remote
    attacker can exploit this, by responding to NetBIOS name
    requests for WPAD, to bypass security restrictions and
    gain elevated privileges. (CVE-2016-3213)

  - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the
    Web Proxy Auto Discovery (WPAD) protocol due to improper
    handling of certain proxy discovery scenarios. A remote
    attacker can exploit this to elevate privileges,
    resulting in the ability to disclose or control network
    traffic. (CVE-2016-3236)

  - An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in
    NetBIOS due to improper handling of responses. A remote
    attacker can exploit this, via specially crafted NetBIOS
    responses, to appear as a trusted network device,
    resulting in the ability to render untrusted content in
    a browser outside of Enhanced Protected Mode (EPM) or an
    application container. (CVE-2016-3299)");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/SecurityBulletins/2016/ms16-077");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Microsoft has released a set of patches for Windows Vista, 2008, 7,
2008 R2, 8, 2012, 8.1, RT 8.1, 2012 R2, and 10.

Note that cumulative update 3160005 in MS16-063 must also be installed
in order to fully resolve CVE-2016-3213.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2016-3236");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2016/06/14");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:microsoft:windows");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"stig_severity", value:"I");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Windows : Microsoft Bulletins");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2016-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("smb_hotfixes.nasl", "ms_bulletin_checks_possible.nasl");
  script_require_keys("SMB/MS_Bulletin_Checks/Possible");
  script_require_ports(139, 445, "Host/patch_management_checks");

  exit(0);
}

include("audit.inc");
include("smb_hotfixes_fcheck.inc");
include("smb_hotfixes.inc");
include("smb_func.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/MS_Bulletin_Checks/Possible");

bulletin = 'MS16-077';
kbs = make_list('3163017', '3161949', '3163018');

if (get_kb_item("Host/patch_management_checks")) hotfix_check_3rd_party(bulletin:bulletin, kbs:kbs, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);

get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/Registry/Enumerated");
get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/WindowsVersion", exit_code:1);

if(hotfix_check_sp_range(win10:'0', vista:'2', win7:'1', win8:'0', win81:'0') <= 0)
  audit(AUDIT_OS_SP_NOT_VULN);
productname = get_kb_item_or_exit("SMB/ProductName", exit_code:1);
if ("Windows 8" >< productname && "Windows 8.1" >!< productname)
  audit(AUDIT_OS_SP_NOT_VULN);

share = hotfix_get_systemdrive(as_share:TRUE, exit_on_fail:TRUE);
if (!is_accessible_share(share:share)) audit(AUDIT_SHARE_FAIL, share);

if (
  # Windows 8.1 / Windows Server 2012 R2
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.3", sp:0, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"6.3.9600.18340", min_version:"6.3.9600.16000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3161949") ||

  # Windows 8 / Windows Server 2012
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.2", sp:0, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"6.2.9200.21858", min_version:"6.2.9200.16000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3161949") ||

  # Windows 7 / Server 2008 R2
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.1", sp:1, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"6.1.7601.23451", min_version:"6.1.7600.16000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3161949") ||

  # Vista / Windows Server 2008
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.0", sp:2, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"6.0.6002.23970", min_version:"6.0.6002.20000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3161949") ||
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"6.0", sp:2, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"6.0.6002.19655", min_version:"6.0.6001.18000", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3161949") ||

  # Windows 10
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"10", sp:0, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"10.0.10240.16942", min_version:"10.0.10240.0", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3163017") ||
  hotfix_is_vulnerable(os:"10", sp:0, file:"ws2_32.dll", version:"10.0.10586.420", min_version:"10.0.10586.0", dir:"\system32", bulletin:bulletin, kb:"3163018")
)
{
  set_kb_item(name:'SMB/Missing/'+bulletin, value:TRUE);
  hotfix_security_hole();
  hotfix_check_fversion_end();
  exit(0);
}
else
{
  hotfix_check_fversion_end();
  audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');
}

References