Vulnerabilities > CVE-2015-5297 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in Pixman

047910
CVSS 7.5 - HIGH
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
PARTIAL
Integrity impact
PARTIAL
Availability impact
PARTIAL
network
low complexity
pixman
CWE-190
nessus

Summary

An integer overflow issue has been reported in the general_composite_rect() function in pixman prior to version 0.32.8. An attacker could exploit this issue to cause an application using pixman to crash or, potentially, execute arbitrary code.

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Forced Integer Overflow
    This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.

Nessus

  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2020-1422.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the version of the pixman packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerability : - An integer overflow issue has been reported in the general_composite_rect() function in pixman prior to version 0.32.8. An attacker could exploit this issue to cause an application using pixman to crash or, potentially, execute arbitrary code.(CVE-2015-5297) Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-05-06
    modified2020-04-15
    plugin id135551
    published2020-04-15
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/135551
    titleEulerOS 2.0 SP3 : pixman (EulerOS-SA-2020-1422)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(135551);
      script_version("1.4");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/05/04");
    
      script_cve_id(
        "CVE-2015-5297"
      );
    
      script_name(english:"EulerOS 2.0 SP3 : pixman (EulerOS-SA-2020-1422)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the rpm output for the updated package.");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
    "The remote EulerOS host is missing a security update.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
    "According to the version of the pixman packages installed, the
    EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following
    vulnerability :
    
      - An integer overflow issue has been reported in the
        general_composite_rect() function in pixman prior to
        version 0.32.8. An attacker could exploit this issue to
        cause an application using pixman to crash or,
        potentially, execute arbitrary code.(CVE-2015-5297)
    
    Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding
    description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable
    has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible
    without introducing additional issues.");
      # https://developer.huaweicloud.com/ict/en/site-euleros/euleros/security-advisories/EulerOS-SA-2020-1422
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?0b6a98fb");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
    "Update the affected pixman package.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2020/04/16");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2020/04/15");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:huawei:euleros:pixman");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:huawei:euleros:pixman-devel");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:huawei:euleros:2.0");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_family(english:"Huawei Local Security Checks");
    
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/EulerOS/release", "Host/EulerOS/rpm-list", "Host/EulerOS/sp");
      script_exclude_keys("Host/EulerOS/uvp_version");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    
    release = get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/release");
    if (isnull(release) || release !~ "^EulerOS") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS");
    if (release !~ "^EulerOS release 2\.0(\D|$)") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS 2.0");
    
    sp = get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/sp");
    if (isnull(sp) || sp !~ "^(3)$") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS 2.0 SP3");
    
    uvp = get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/uvp_version");
    if (!empty_or_null(uvp)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS 2.0 SP3", "EulerOS UVP " + uvp);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$" && "aarch64" >!< cpu) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "EulerOS", cpu);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_ARCH_NOT, "i686 / x86_64", cpu);
    
    flag = 0;
    
    pkgs = ["pixman-0.32.6-3.h1",
            "pixman-devel-0.32.6-3.h1"];
    
    foreach (pkg in pkgs)
      if (rpm_check(release:"EulerOS-2.0", sp:"3", reference:pkg)) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      security_report_v4(
        port       : 0,
        severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
        extra      : rpm_report_get()
      );
      exit(0);
    }
    else
    {
      tested = pkg_tests_get();
      if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
      else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "pixman");
    }
    
  • NASL familyUbuntu Local Security Checks
    NASL idUBUNTU_USN-3843-1.NASL
    descriptionIt was discovered that pixman incorrectly handled the general_composite_rect function. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause pixman to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-04-10
    modified2018-12-13
    plugin id119653
    published2018-12-13
    reporterUbuntu Security Notice (C) 2018-2020 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119653
    titleUbuntu 14.04 LTS : pixman vulnerability (USN-3843-1)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were
    # extracted from Ubuntu Security Notice USN-3843-1. The text 
    # itself is copyright (C) Canonical, Inc. See 
    # <http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/>. Ubuntu(R) is a registered 
    # trademark of Canonical, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(119653);
      script_version("1.4");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/04/08");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2015-5297");
      script_xref(name:"USN", value:"3843-1");
    
      script_name(english:"Ubuntu 14.04 LTS : pixman vulnerability (USN-3843-1)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for updated package.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Ubuntu host is missing a security-related patch."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "It was discovered that pixman incorrectly handled the
    general_composite_rect function. A remote attacker could use this
    issue to cause pixman to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or
    possibly execute arbitrary code.
    
    Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding
    description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable
    has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible
    without introducing additional issues."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://usn.ubuntu.com/3843-1/"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"solution", 
        value:"Update the affected libpixman-1-0 package."
      );
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:libpixman-1-0");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2019/07/31");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/12/11");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/12/13");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"Ubuntu Security Notice (C) 2018-2020 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2018-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Ubuntu Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/cpu", "Host/Ubuntu", "Host/Ubuntu/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("ubuntu.inc");
    include("misc_func.inc");
    
    if ( ! get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled") ) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/Ubuntu/release");
    if ( isnull(release) ) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Ubuntu");
    release = chomp(release);
    if (! preg(pattern:"^(14\.04)$", string:release)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Ubuntu 14.04", "Ubuntu " + release);
    if ( ! get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l") ) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Ubuntu", cpu);
    
    flag = 0;
    
    if (ubuntu_check(osver:"14.04", pkgname:"libpixman-1-0", pkgver:"0.30.2-2ubuntu1.2")) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      security_report_v4(
        port       : 0,
        severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
        extra      : ubuntu_report_get()
      );
      exit(0);
    }
    else
    {
      tested = ubuntu_pkg_tests_get();
      if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
      else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "libpixman-1-0");
    }
    
  • NASL familyHuawei Local Security Checks
    NASL idEULEROS_SA-2019-2487.NASL
    descriptionAccording to the version of the pixman packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerability : - An integer overflow issue has been reported in the general_composite_rect() function in pixman prior to version 0.32.8. An attacker could exploit this issue to cause an application using pixman to crash or, potentially, execute arbitrary code.(CVE-2015-5297) Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-05-08
    modified2019-12-04
    plugin id131640
    published2019-12-04
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/131640
    titleEulerOS 2.0 SP2 : pixman (EulerOS-SA-2019-2487)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(131640);
      script_version("1.3");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/05/07");
    
      script_cve_id(
        "CVE-2015-5297"
      );
    
      script_name(english:"EulerOS 2.0 SP2 : pixman (EulerOS-SA-2019-2487)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks the rpm output for the updated package.");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
    "The remote EulerOS host is missing a security update.");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
    "According to the version of the pixman packages installed, the
    EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following
    vulnerability :
    
      - An integer overflow issue has been reported in the
        general_composite_rect() function in pixman prior to
        version 0.32.8. An attacker could exploit this issue to
        cause an application using pixman to crash or,
        potentially, execute arbitrary code.(CVE-2015-5297)
    
    Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding
    description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable
    has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible
    without introducing additional issues.");
      # https://developer.huaweicloud.com/ict/en/site-euleros/euleros/security-advisories/EulerOS-SA-2019-2487
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?a03ef05b");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
    "Update the affected pixman package.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
      script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2019/12/04");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2019/12/04");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:huawei:euleros:pixman");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:huawei:euleros:pixman-devel");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:huawei:euleros:2.0");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_family(english:"Huawei Local Security Checks");
    
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/EulerOS/release", "Host/EulerOS/rpm-list", "Host/EulerOS/sp");
      script_exclude_keys("Host/EulerOS/uvp_version");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    
    release = get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/release");
    if (isnull(release) || release !~ "^EulerOS") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS");
    if (release !~ "^EulerOS release 2\.0(\D|$)") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS 2.0");
    
    sp = get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/sp");
    if (isnull(sp) || sp !~ "^(2)$") audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS 2.0 SP2");
    
    uvp = get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/uvp_version");
    if (!empty_or_null(uvp)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "EulerOS 2.0 SP2", "EulerOS UVP " + uvp);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/EulerOS/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$" && "aarch64" >!< cpu) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "EulerOS", cpu);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_ARCH_NOT, "i686 / x86_64", cpu);
    
    flag = 0;
    
    pkgs = ["pixman-0.32.6-3.h1",
            "pixman-devel-0.32.6-3.h1"];
    
    foreach (pkg in pkgs)
      if (rpm_check(release:"EulerOS-2.0", sp:"2", reference:pkg)) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      security_report_v4(
        port       : 0,
        severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
        extra      : rpm_report_get()
      );
      exit(0);
    }
    else
    {
      tested = pkg_tests_get();
      if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
      else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "pixman");
    }
    
  • NASL familyDebian Local Security Checks
    NASL idDEBIAN_DLA-1587.NASL
    descriptionCVE-2015-5297 Numerical overflow in pointer arithmetic. For Debian 8
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id119104
    published2018-11-23
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/119104
    titleDebian DLA-1587-1 : pixman security update
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were
    # extracted from Debian Security Advisory DLA-1587-1. The text
    # itself is copyright (C) Software in the Public Interest, Inc.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(119104);
      script_version("1.2");
      script_cvs_date("Date: 2019/08/12 17:35:38");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2015-5297");
    
      script_name(english:"Debian DLA-1587-1 : pixman security update");
      script_summary(english:"Checks dpkg output for the updated packages.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Debian host is missing a security update."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "CVE-2015-5297 Numerical overflow in pointer arithmetic.
    
    For Debian 8 'Jessie', this problem has been fixed in version
    0.32.6-3+deb8u1.
    
    We recommend that you upgrade your pixman packages.
    
    NOTE: Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description
    block directly from the DLA security advisory. Tenable has attempted
    to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without
    introducing additional issues."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00025.html"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://packages.debian.org/source/jessie/pixman"
      );
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:"Upgrade the affected packages.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P");
      script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:libpixman-1-0");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:libpixman-1-0-dbg");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:libpixman-1-0-udeb");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:libpixman-1-dev");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:8.0");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2019/07/31");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2018/11/22");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2018/11/23");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2018-2019 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Debian Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Debian/release", "Host/Debian/dpkg-l");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("debian_package.inc");
    
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/release")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Debian");
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    
    flag = 0;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"libpixman-1-0", reference:"0.32.6-3+deb8u1")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"libpixman-1-0-dbg", reference:"0.32.6-3+deb8u1")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"libpixman-1-0-udeb", reference:"0.32.6-3+deb8u1")) flag++;
    if (deb_check(release:"8.0", prefix:"libpixman-1-dev", reference:"0.32.6-3+deb8u1")) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:deb_report_get());
      else security_hole(0);
      exit(0);
    }
    else audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, "affected");