Vulnerabilities > CVE-2014-2828 - Improper Authentication vulnerability in Openstack Keystone

047910
CVSS 7.8 - HIGH
Attack vector
NETWORK
Attack complexity
LOW
Privileges required
NONE
Confidentiality impact
NONE
Integrity impact
NONE
Availability impact
COMPLETE
network
low complexity
openstack
CWE-287
nessus

Summary

The V3 API in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) 2013.1 before 2013.2.4 and icehouse before icehouse-rc2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a large number of the same authentication method in a request, aka "authentication chaining."

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

  • Authentication Abuse
    An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker. This attack may exploit assumptions made by the target's authentication procedures, such as assumptions regarding trust relationships or assumptions regarding the generation of secret values. This attack differs from Authentication Bypass attacks in that Authentication Abuse allows the attacker to be certified as a valid user through illegitimate means, while Authentication Bypass allows the user to access protected material without ever being certified as an authenticated user. This attack does not rely on prior sessions established by successfully authenticating users, as relied upon for the "Exploitation of Session Variables, Resource IDs and other Trusted Credentials" attack patterns.
  • Exploiting Trust in Client (aka Make the Client Invisible)
    An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by placing themselves in the communication channel between client and server such that communication directly to the server is possible where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
  • Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Register Man in the Middle
    This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to place man in the middle once SSL is terminated. Rest applications premise is that they leverage existing infrastructure to deliver web services functionality. An example of this is a Rest application that uses HTTP Get methods and receives a HTTP response with an XML document. These Rest style web services are deployed on existing infrastructure such as Apache and IIS web servers with no SOAP stack required. Unfortunately from a security standpoint, there frequently is no interoperable identity security mechanism deployed, so Rest developers often fall back to SSL to deliver security. In large data centers, SSL is typically terminated at the edge of the network - at the firewall, load balancer, or router. Once the SSL is terminated the HTTP request is in the clear (unless developers have hashed or encrypted the values, but this is rare). The attacker can utilize a sniffer such as Wireshark to snapshot the credentials, such as username and password that are passed in the clear once SSL is terminated. Once the attacker gathers these credentials, they can submit requests to the web service provider just as authorized user do. There is not typically an authentication on the client side, beyond what is passed in the request itself so once this is compromised, then this is generally sufficient to compromise the service's authentication scheme.
  • Man in the Middle Attack
    This type of attack targets the communication between two components (typically client and server). The attacker places himself in the communication channel between the two components. Whenever one component attempts to communicate with the other (data flow, authentication challenges, etc.), the data first goes to the attacker, who has the opportunity to observe or alter it, and it is then passed on to the other component as if it was never intercepted. This interposition is transparent leaving the two compromised components unaware of the potential corruption or leakage of their communications. The potential for Man-in-the-Middle attacks yields an implicit lack of trust in communication or identify between two components.

Nessus

  • NASL familyFedora Local Security Checks
    NASL idFEDORA_2014-5497.NASL
    description - Sanitizes authentication methods received in requests CVE-2014-2828 - Privilege escalation through trust chained delegation CVE-2014-3476 - Keystone V2 trusts privilege escalation through user supplied project id CVE-2014-3520 Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.
    last seen2020-03-17
    modified2014-08-08
    plugin id77061
    published2014-08-08
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2014-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/77061
    titleFedora 20 : openstack-keystone-2013.2.3-5.fc20 (2014-5497)
    code
    #%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80502
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were  
    # extracted from Fedora Security Advisory 2014-5497.
    #
    
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(77061);
      script_version("1.6");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2020/03/12");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2014-2828", "CVE-2014-3476", "CVE-2014-3520");
      script_bugtraq_id(66736, 68026, 68344);
      script_xref(name:"FEDORA", value:"2014-5497");
    
      script_name(english:"Fedora 20 : openstack-keystone-2013.2.3-5.fc20 (2014-5497)");
      script_summary(english:"Checks rpm output for the updated package.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:"The remote Fedora host is missing a security update."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "  - Sanitizes authentication methods received in requests
        CVE-2014-2828
    
        - Privilege escalation through trust chained delegation
          CVE-2014-3476
    
        - Keystone V2 trusts privilege escalation through user
          supplied project id CVE-2014-3520
    
    Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding
    description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable
    has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible
    without introducing additional issues."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1086211"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1104524"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1112668"
      );
      # https://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2014-August/136283.html
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?ea59952e"
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"solution", 
        value:"Update the affected openstack-keystone package."
      );
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C");
      script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:fedoraproject:fedora:openstack-keystone");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:20");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2014/04/23");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2014/08/08");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2014-2020 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
      script_family(english:"Fedora Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/RedHat/release", "Host/RedHat/rpm-list");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("rpm.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/release");
    if (isnull(release) || "Fedora" >!< release) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora");
    os_ver = eregmatch(pattern: "Fedora.*release ([0-9]+)", string:release);
    if (isnull(os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_APP_VER, "Fedora");
    os_ver = os_ver[1];
    if (! ereg(pattern:"^20([^0-9]|$)", string:os_ver)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Fedora 20.x", "Fedora " + os_ver);
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/RedHat/rpm-list")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
    
    cpu = get_kb_item("Host/cpu");
    if (isnull(cpu)) audit(AUDIT_UNKNOWN_ARCH);
    if ("x86_64" >!< cpu && cpu !~ "^i[3-6]86$") audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Fedora", cpu);
    
    flag = 0;
    if (rpm_check(release:"FC20", reference:"openstack-keystone-2013.2.3-5.fc20")) flag++;
    
    
    if (flag)
    {
      if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:rpm_report_get());
      else security_hole(0);
      exit(0);
    }
    else
    {
      tested = pkg_tests_get();
      if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);
      else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "openstack-keystone");
    }
    
  • NASL familySolaris Local Security Checks
    NASL idSOLARIS11_KEYSTONE_20140731.NASL
    descriptionThe remote Solaris system is missing necessary patches to address security updates : - The V3 API in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) 2013.1 before 2013.2.4 and icehouse before icehouse-rc2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a large number of the same authentication method in a request, aka
    last seen2020-06-01
    modified2020-06-02
    plugin id80657
    published2015-01-19
    reporterThis script is Copyright (C) 2015-2018 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    sourcehttps://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/80657
    titleOracle Solaris Third-Party Patch Update : keystone (cve_2014_2828_authentication_issues)
    code
    #
    # (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
    #
    # The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were
    # extracted from the Oracle Third Party software advisories.
    #
    include("compat.inc");
    
    if (description)
    {
      script_id(80657);
      script_version("1.3");
      script_cvs_date("Date: 2018/11/15 20:50:25");
    
      script_cve_id("CVE-2014-2828");
    
      script_name(english:"Oracle Solaris Third-Party Patch Update : keystone (cve_2014_2828_authentication_issues)");
      script_summary(english:"Check for the 'entire' version.");
    
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"synopsis", 
        value:
    "The remote Solaris system is missing a security patch for third-party
    software."
      );
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"description", 
        value:
    "The remote Solaris system is missing necessary patches to address
    security updates :
    
      - The V3 API in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) 2013.1
        before 2013.2.4 and icehouse before icehouse-rc2 allows
        remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU
        consumption) via a large number of the same
        authentication method in a request, aka 'authentication
        chaining.' (CVE-2014-2828)"
      );
      # https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/thirdparty-patch-map-1482893.html
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?4a913f44"
      );
      # https://blogs.oracle.com/sunsecurity/cve-2014-2828-authentication-issues-vulnerability-in-openstack-identity-keystone
      script_set_attribute(
        attribute:"see_also",
        value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?8edafe49"
      );
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:"Upgrade to Solaris 11.2.");
      script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:oracle:solaris:11.2");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:oracle:solaris:keystone");
    
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2014/07/31");
      script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2015/01/19");
      script_end_attributes();
    
      script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
      script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2015-2018 Tenable Network Security, Inc.");
      script_family(english:"Solaris Local Security Checks");
    
      script_dependencies("ssh_get_info.nasl");
      script_require_keys("Host/local_checks_enabled", "Host/Solaris11/release", "Host/Solaris11/pkg-list");
    
      exit(0);
    }
    
    
    include("audit.inc");
    include("global_settings.inc");
    include("misc_func.inc");
    include("solaris.inc");
    
    if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
    release = get_kb_item("Host/Solaris11/release");
    if (isnull(release)) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, "Solaris11");
    pkg_list = solaris_pkg_list_leaves();
    if (isnull (pkg_list)) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING, "Solaris pkg-list packages");
    
    if (empty_or_null(egrep(string:pkg_list, pattern:"^keystone$"))) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, "keystone");
    
    flag = 0;
    
    if (solaris_check_release(release:"0.5.11-0.175.2.0.0.0.0", sru:"11.2 SRU 0") > 0) flag++;
    
    if (flag)
    {
      error_extra = 'Affected package : keystone\n' + solaris_get_report2();
      error_extra = ereg_replace(pattern:"version", replace:"OS version", string:error_extra);
      if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:error_extra);
      else security_hole(0);
      exit(0);
    }
    else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, "keystone");
    

Redhat

advisories
rhsa
idRHSA-2014:1688
rpms
  • openstack-keystone-0:2013.2.4-1.el6ost
  • openstack-keystone-doc-0:2013.2.4-1.el6ost
  • python-keystone-0:2013.2.4-1.el6ost

Seebug

bulletinFamilyexploit
descriptionBugtraq ID:65736 CVE ID:CVE-2014-2828 Keystone是Openstack中用于身份验证的项目,任何服务请求需要经过它的验证获得服务的endpoint。 OpenStack Keystone V3 API验证存在漏洞,攻击者可以利用漏洞发送特制的请求使Keystone服务崩溃,造成拒绝服务攻击。 0 OpenStack Keystone 目前厂商已经发布了升级补丁以修复漏洞,请下载使用: https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/keystone/commit/?id=e364ba5b12de8e4c11bd80bcca903f9615dcfc2e
idSSV:62209
last seen2017-11-19
modified2014-04-17
published2014-04-17
reporterRoot
titleOpenStack Keystone V3 API验证拒绝服务漏洞